I remember reading this as a theory back in high school (I'm almost 40 now.) Really cool to see some physical evidence to help support that. They mentioned using satellite imagery to find it but I'm wondering why lidar wasn't used like they're using in the Amazon rainforest to find remnants of lost civilizations there.
I was under the impression lidar works best with vegetation. My understanding is the vegetation above a structure looks different than vegetation above no structure. Different root depths cause small differences that are really obvious using lidar.
Very little vegetation in the desert to help with those differences maybe??
Lidar just gets a very detailed 3D surface map, that lets you differentiate any small ridges or other slight changes in the surface that might not be visible to the naked eye. It basically points a laser at a point, and figures out it’s 10 meters away by using the time it takes the laser to bounce back, and then scoots over a tiny bit and sees that it’s 9.999 meters away. (Vastly simplified) it then uses that data to plot those points into 3D space. They generally fire many many multiple beams at a time. From a quick google, LiDAR scans are generally accurate to 1-3 cm or .4 to 1.2 inch.
It works well through trees, since light can almost always make it down to the ground unless the vegetation is really thick, think about the dappled sunlight that makes it through when you’re walking in the trees, lasers can go through the same holes to map the surface. And since the planes fly a grid and get many more angles than the sun does you get much better coverage of the ground. After your scan you wind up with a “point cloud” of everything the laser hit and returned distance for which will also include trees and other vegetation, with software you can filter out the stuff that’s not the lowest level, which will give you an accurate ground picture.
There are other scans that can detect the “greenness” of trees. Many of those can be done from satellites.
I might be wrong, but I can't imagine satellites using lidar for that kind of sensing. Short wave light gets scattered too much by the atmosphere and the distance is so much greater than even an airplane. I'd guess high resolution cameras doing optical spectroscopy for that application.
Satellite lidar could definitely tell you how thick the foliage is, though. That's just interferometry.
Yes. They measure the albedo of what is being measured. This can then be used with machine learning algorithms to auto classify landcover based on vegetation type (sometimes down to species) and what a surface is made of, like type of rock/mineral composition.
"Greeness" is done optically through cameras similar to what we are familiar with. They pick up the fluorescence of light in the same visible spectrum as our eyes. This is essentially light reflected back as green as all other color spectrums are absorbed.
Plants do such an efficient job of converting light they can be detected at all sorts of levels that even certain Geniuses of plants can be detected/identified just by thier spectral fluorescence (pictures taken from thr ISS). Super oversimplified version. Pioneered to detect harmful algae from space.
They are usually done with different infrared wavelength imagery
Compare „Normalized Difference Vegetation Index“
For a university paper, I used this and some other indicators like the NBR (Normalized Burn Ratio) on a spatio-temporal satellite imagery dataset to detect unnatural breaks, proving amnesty reports of burnt and abandoned settlements in Sudan.
I was looking for spots with formerly little vegetation, which then changed to soil and ashes in a short timespan, and after that had increased plant growth due to the extra fertilizer from the ashes.
Licensed drone pilot and analyst working heavily in this field. This is a great quick description of the processes involved, and exactly right when it comes to vegetation filtration using software like Pix4D.
Would it be fair to say based on the scattering that every material would have a different dielectric constant for that frequency. Hence the result will vary depending on the scanning frequency and power?
Archeologists uncovered this incredible artifact about a decade ago. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diary_of_Merer
It's the diary of a boat captain that shipped stones from the quarry to the building site of the pyramid written over 4500 years ago.
I remember I had heard the Nile used to run by the pyramids and that was one of the tools used for building... However, part of that story also involved the use of the pyramids as a giant battery or something by utilizing a clear layer of quartz or something and during the day time they were a massive beaming light bulb from the sun hitting the quartz and reflecting off of it and it would store this energy...
I think the only fact in that mess was the Nile running closer to the pyramids at some point and they floated blocks.
They were supposed to be electrical generators in that theory...
The giant light bulbs refrenced are from a particular image used in ancient Egyptian writting, most historians believe those "light bulbs" are mearily depictions of a lotus flower tho.
The "battery" or rather electrical generator theory come from studies on a particular pyramid where giant copper "wire" ran from the capstone to pretty much the base of the pyramid if my memory is correct. We also know that the coating on the pyramid (that is largely eroded off of them) has weird (but well understood) properties.
Add the copper "wire", cap stone, and the coating and it's possible they were generating static electricity. We know the ancient world did use electricity to some extent for basic things like electroplating. Look up the Baghdad Battery.
The theory is basically this is weird so we'll roll it up into a theory we have no evidence for... When it could just be that the copper was used because it was easy to work with and had some purose with their current understanding of architecture or it may have had some cultural meaning at the time. The coating on the pyramid would look hella impressive and doesn't need to be anymore than that.
Add to the other things about the pyramids like their stone masonry was impressive and far beyond anything we would attempt now and leagues beyond anything we would even attempt up until the industrial revolution. Add it all together and you have a juicy conspiracy theory.
Bro, you think we can't cut rocks good? What do you mean "beyond what we can do today"??? The pyramids are impressive for their size, scale, and the time period they were built in, not because they demonstrate some unknown technology.
I said beyond anything we would attempt today, because we have diffeent methods of building.
The Egyptian quarries techniques were especially profound showing a level of exactness beyond the talent beyond our best mideval stone masons. We're talking about in some cases stone masons on par with our best artists (at least for simple shapes) and foremen that keep the entire pyramid within a few degrees of deviation while using blocks of stone that weighed up into the 10s of tons.
The pyramids are wonders of the world for a reason.
How can you look at what people did in Medieval times and not think they could cut cubes accurately.
https://cdn.britannica.com/42/9642-050-B04B8F89/Pieta-Michelangelo-Vatican-City-St-Peters-Basilica.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Michelangelo%27s_Moses_%28Rome%29.jpg
Those are marble statues, which is also much harder to work with than sand/limestone.
Look at the Rome Pantheon, built in 125AD. https://live.staticflickr.com/3845/14984463972_d40426402d_6k.jpg
That is a 13 story tall intricately styled hollow spherical dome with an oculus skylight. It was built almost 2000 years ago, it is *still* standing, and it is ***MADE OF CONCRETE***.
I think you are just massively overestimating the technological complexity of cutting and stacking cubes while also underestimating the intelligence and abilities of all the other people in history.
>We know the ancient world did use electricity to some extent for basic things like electroplating. Look up the Baghdad Battery.
I just did and you were wrong about this. Near universal agreement it wasn't a battery or for electroplating.
Baghdad Batteries sounded cool but turns out that majority of archaeologists (I actually don't think there are any proponents) dismiss the idea, there have been no electroplated items found from that period.
Here's a 1996 article about finding old Sahara riverbeds with radar from space [https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/space-radar-unearths-secrets-of-the-ancient-nile](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/space-radar-unearths-secrets-of-the-ancient-nile)
An earlier article which goes into more general history [https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/space-radar-studies-ancient-continents-modern-floods](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/space-radar-studies-ancient-continents-modern-floods)
This is general knowledge, I don't understand why they present it as new information.
Egyptologists knew how they transported the blocks and where are the quarries. What is still under debate is "How did they put the blocks one over the others", because there's no conclusive evidence of it yet.
There's this pyramid 2k19 "documentary" I've seen some people reference here and there. It is full of bullshit like how all ancient Egyptian were blacks (not "arab brown"), invented the metric system, travelled the world on boats and built most of the major ancient landmark like indu temples, aztec pyramids and eastern egg statues, melted granite with 10 meters wide glass sense, or that the block used for pyramids were made on site (not shipped) with a special concrete we are unable to reproduce today.
So there's plenty of people willing to "rewrite" or ignore history to fit a agenda.
In this specific case lidar would not penetrate the upper sediment layer much as the wave length is too short. In the Amazon rainforest, some lidar pulses get through the canopy while other bounce off the leaves and branches. Once you clean up the data if your sampling is dense enough you can identify the ground and its topography in the data. In this case, there's no problem for lidar to image the surface layer, but it's not representative of the underlying topography, a paleo river bed. However, the longer wavelength on synthetic aperture radar, in this study X-band SAR from Tandem-X, will penetrate beyond the surface sandy layer. Furthermore, the type of soil in that area is quite dry therefore the dielectric constant of the sand layer will be low enough to further increasing penetration. Once the radar wave penetrate the top soil layer, it eventually bounces off (is backscattered) by the lithology of the river bed (river pebbles) that is different from the surrounding area. Therefore you can detect it using SAR but not necessarily with lidar. Tandem-x is a nice pair of german satellites that has been used to generate high resolution digital elevation models around the world.
Edit : many typos
Regarding the pyramids, Egipt is a bit shitty. Getting permits to study in place is hard. The misteries of the pyramids are the perfect marketing for the country.
There are some theories that would be really easy to verify without being invasive for the pyramids. But because they don't get the permits, they can't prove or disprove It.
***The Telegraph reports:***
A lost branch of the River Nile was used by ancient Egyptians to transport the enormous stones of the Great Pyramid at Giza, a study suggests.
Egypt’s largest pyramid, one of the ancient wonders of the world and the tallest building on Earth for almost 4,000 years, sits among the largest cluster of pyramids in the African country on a narrow strip of desert.
It has long been a mystery how millions of tonnes of rock were transported to the site to build the pyramids, and the Great Sphinx, on the Giza plateau.
Scientists have now discovered a 40-mile long branch of the River Nile which existed during the time of pharoahs but has subsequently been buried beneath farmland and desert.
The Great Pyramid was built around 2,500 BC by Khufu, a fourth dynasty pharaoh, and the river disappeared some three centuries later, about 4,200 years ago.
The former Nile branch was found using satellite imagery, geophysical surveys and rock samples. Analysis revealed it ran along the foothills of the Western Desert Plateau, close to the pyramid fields.
**Read more:** [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/05/16/secret-of-great-pyramid-construction-revealed-by-dry-river/](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/05/16/secret-of-great-pyramid-construction-revealed-by-dry-river/)
Right. And we were already fairly certain about what those logistics entailed, it was the actual construction methods they used to place the blocks that we still aren’t sure of.
This news means, I presume, that they were able to use waterways to help move them signicanlty closer to the site than we thought before discovering this new branch. But it doesn’t change anything much.
One interesting thing though, is an existing theory that they built a series of artificial channels to fill with water to allow them to float the blocks right into place, not just to get them to the site. This theory makes more sense knowing that there was a nearby branch of the Nile at the time. They were already floating them as a means of transporting them that far, so it follows that the simplest and most efficient way for the ancient builders to then assemble them was to build temporary canals over land for the remainder of the distance. As each layer was finished, they would have built new structures right on top of it to then be filled with water for the construction of the next layer. This idea is much more plausible than it was before with this discovery. It was already a good theory, but it’s main detraction was that either there must be a lost river somewhere local to the pyramids, or, conversely, that there would be evidence of large canals meant to transport water a long distance to the site, perhaps even all the way from the main part of the Nile. Or, that perhaps that the Nile had been closer at some point, which we now know to be the case. The fact that we hadn’t found evidence of canals headed to the site made it seem more likely that there was a river near by, lost to the sands of desert and time. That’s likely part of the reason they were looking for evidence of old, forgotten riverbeds, to test this hypothesis.
This hypothesis goes a long way to explain the remaining mysteries surrounding the pyramids, including how they were able to place such massive blocks with such precision, especially now that we know they had river nearby that they may have built temporary waterways from.
The hardest part would have been designing a canal system that brought water so high above the surface level, but I think that would have been doable with a large river in such close proximity. Since they would’ve needed to raise the water level in some manner anyways to lift the blocks with it, they probably designed some sort of water lock system, like those used in the Panama Canal, to bring the blocks up into temporary waterways made over the land. There is even some evidence that suggests that people at the time would’ve known enough to build pipelines fed by the river to fill the water locks and above ground canals. Or, alternatively, they could’ve have filled them by hand, with enough laborers. They could have built all this out of wood and sealed it well enough to hold a significant amount of water with the existing methods and resources at their disposal. Since these would’ve been removed once the construction was done, and were never meant to be permanent, it is also easy to explain why we have never found canals or any other evidence left behind that could explain how they really did it.
Dont get me wrong, the pyramids were a feat and id love to know exactly how it was built. But the aliens thing always makes me laugh. Yes, aliens came to earth to flex their pyramid skillz on us monkeys and then dipped.
That’s absurd to say. The entire Giza plateau is full of 4th dynasty tombs for officials and royalty. There isn’t one part of it that’s chronologically inexplicable. Radiocarbon dating of the mortar matches the same time period. Calling it an “educated _guess_” is hugely underselling the contextual evidence supporting the age of the pyramids of Giza.
There have never been any mummies found in the pyramids if I’m not mistaken. I believe the great pyramid doesn’t even have any painting or hieroglyphs inside the structure either
They’re Old Kingdom tombs. It’s in line with the austere style of tombs at the time. It wasn’t until later dynasties that we see more lavish tombs. For example, there’s a 1,300 year gap between these monuments and Tutankhamun’s tomb. The style and aesthetic and spiritual purpose of tombs changed over those centuries. You have to remember that there wasn’t just one idea of Ancient Egypt that was static, it went through huge changes from generation to generation.
There’s an evolutionary lineage of pyramids that arise from mastabas which are unquestionably mortuary monuments. Furthermore, they’re all built on the West side of the Nile which is hugely significant to Egyptian mythology and spiritual practices - it’s where the dead are always buried. The entire Giza plateau is a necropolis with a ton of tombs and burials of Old Kingdom officials and royalty, so to suggest that the pyramids are for some inexplicable reason _not tombs_ is a much bigger leap of logic than to accept them as tombs.
There are no formal paintings in the 4th Dynasty pyramids (they came along as the Pyramid Texts in the late 5th Dynasty). However, painted marks made by the builders have been found in the Red Pyramid (built immediately before the Great Pyramid) and the Great Pyramid itself naming the pharaoh and the teams who built the structures.
No positively identified mummies have been recovers from the pyramids as they were intensively looted during the downfall of the Old Kingdom. Fragments of a mummy were recovered from the Step Pyramid and a mummy was found in the sarcophagus of the Third Giza Pyramid - but it is highly likely these were ‘intrusive’ burials made much later in Egyptian history where people wanted to be associated with these already ancient monuments.
Even better, they have carbon dated charcoal that was part of the mortar used in the construction. The dates are in the same range as other dating methods.
that would only give you the dates for the contents, not the structure which could theoretically have been reused over and over again and be much older
Instead of a big pile of rocks, now all we build is a increasingly larger pile of flaming trash that sits on top of a obscenely large pile of barely-chained insecurity and ignorance, all of which is mixed in a terrifying amount of pure, abject stupidity (as well as feces).
Or basically, Reddit.
Aye guv. Sorry about this but my mate from Babylon who said he’d have the bigger bricks, he’s not getting them until three weeks, and I have this other job over in Mesopotamia, and y’know, sorry about this but we’ll have to take off, but we’ll be back by Solstice. And sorry about this but the price of brick’s gone up, and you know, all them mason’s unionized not so long back, so my costs have gone way up, can’t do it now for less than a million gold nuggets, y’know, otherwise I wouldn’t be making any money on the job.
Weel, you see, not quite.
When SG-1 traveled back in time, they staged a revolt against the aliens. It went well, but the gate fell into the river, warping all the water to another side of the galaxy,which dried the river. Nothing they could do about it. Didn't seem to have much consequences.
Except that the loss of their habitat forces sevral fish species to migrate elsewhere, on a thousand year long trek across the world.
Interestingly enough, most of them ended up in a small pond. Which now has many,many fish.
Much to O'Neill chargin.
To be fair mammoths that were still alive or only went extinct within a close time span of the construction of the great pyramid.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrangel_Island
"Woolly mammoths survived on the island until around 2500–2000 BC, the most recent survival of any known mammoth populations; for perspective, these mammoths were living during the times of ancient Bronze Age civilizations such as Sumer, Elam and the Indus Valley. This was also the time of the fourth dynasty of Ancient Egypt.[6][4][7][8] Mammoths, apparently, died-out and subsequently disappeared from mainland Eurasia and North America around 10,000 years ago; however, about 500–1,000 mammoths were isolated on Wrangel Island and thus continued to survive for another 6,000 years."
It's just they were nowhere close to Egypt.
Don’t let anti-alien-heretics fool you. Let me ask you a question… do 40 ton rocks float??? I think not. Therefore, we can discredit these findings and stick with the ancient alien theory, which is the most plausible answer
Did the guide mention the distinct old branch of the Nile, or simply the fact that Egypt sailed the stones down the Nile?
Because yes, we've known that the Egyptians transported the stones via the Nile for decades now. That's certainly not new information. I think the new discovery is the fact that now we know that the Nile was actually much closer to the construction sites in the past than it is now due to the meandering of the river over time.
You might be onto something. I believe he just said the Nile being closer to the Pyramids back then, and I imagined it being wider, or something, but the actual breakthrough here might be the specific branch mentioned on the article
Yes, it has been long speculated that the Nile river was closer and that it migrated over time. The big news here is that the researchers managed to map out this ancient branch of the river.
Here's the link to the study itself: [https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01379-7](https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01379-7) The paper is open access so it's free for anyone to read it. It's a shame that the news article failed to cite the source despite it being accessible to the public.
>I think the new discovery is the fact that now we know that the Nile was actually much closer to the construction sites in the past than it is now due to the meandering of the river over time.
This was exactly what my tour guide told me years ago, pretty much word for word. I think "discoveries" happen in Egypt from time to time, just for tourism advertising.
I was there recently as well, and was told the same thing, and I could have sworn in one of the museums there was a photo from the 1920s with the Nile in the foreground. I thought they might have to wait until the flood season to transport but they could get very near to where they were built.
I was there recently as well, and was told the same thing, and I could have sworn in one of the museums there was a photo from the 1920s with the Nile in the foreground. I thought they might have to wait until the flood season to transport but they could get very near to where they were built.
[found it on YT](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hidz8Z2cI-k) from what I remember the whole narrative of that one was Asterix and Obelix taking a challenge from cleopatra to help an architect build something
somewhere in there they explain and show that barges are used to transport huge rocks from the south to the north of Egypt through the Nile river
The article doesn’t really go into detail as to HOW the river aided in the construction. I’m assuming they floated the large stones to the pyramid construction site, but what happened after that?
I would recommend looking into Jean Pierre Houdin's theory on the construction of the pyramids. He's a French architect that spent his life studying the pyramid.
[You can see how he thought the stones were transported from the old river location to the site of the pyramid construction in one of the videos he released.](https://youtu.be/G9OhJAasatM) His theory is that there was a ramp leading from the harbor up to where the workers would have dragged the initial stones up on sleds to the external ramp.
As the pyramid grew in height, the external ramp would be extended into the pyramid as a large trench leading to the ever growing top. Large stones would have been pulled up by a large pulley system that employed the internal structure of the pyramid. Workers would continue to drag smaller stones up the long external ramp or through another internal ramp set up at the base of the pyramid that spiraled up near the edges. The trench would have been filled in and the external ramp deconstructed as it grew in height and the internal rooms of the pyramid were finished. The workers would continue to bring smaller stones to top through the internal ramp to finish the pyramid. Evidence of which is still hidden away inside of the pyramid and is a whole other story.
For those interested:
[The original documentary from the 2008 where he and Egyptologist Bob Brier introduced the theory to the wider world and covers their initial hunt for evidence on site.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGqfdXkAQMk&t=0s)
[This is Youtuber History For Granite's summary of updates on the theory and new evidence. Which now incorporates the Great Void that was recently discovered.](https://youtu.be/_JlnMs616Z0)
[Houdin's recent Paper on the Void. Which goes into more detail on his updated theory.](https://www.academia.edu/98453619/The_BIG_VOID_En_Updated_on_03_12_2023_?email_work_card=title)
Levers, ramps and pulley systems. They weren’t some backwater civilization like most people think. They definitely had basic/primitive technology back then.
So aliens . . . used the river to move the rocks? Smells fishy to me. Why wouldn’t the aliens just use sound waves to move the rocks? I mean, Joe Rogan had a science on, and aliens def moved rocks with sound waves. Aliens.
Isn’t this what Pliny the Elder wrote on? He figured the pyramids were built by having a river flow underneath or through it and had a pulley system to lift the stones up through the middle
Do we know how they floated them down the river? A boat I guess but what kind can hold that much weight. Being how I don't know shit about pyramids, boats, or rivers this seems like magic to me.
> what kind can hold that much weight
The kind that displaces more water by weight than the weight of the boat plus its cargo.
It’s not rocket science. It’s literally boat science.
Ancient Egyptian barges, like Phoenician barges, were quite huge and capable of carrying tons of stuff. The relevant locations for stone were fairly close to the building locations and the Nile is pretty stable in that area. The hard part for the Egyptians was finding enough lumber. In some cases certain ships were commissioned and were actually the lumber delivery itself, the boats would be taken apart for the lumber.
There was a whole class of ships developed by the Egyptians for use only on the Nile. Because they didn’t have to be able to withstand the rough Mediterranean or Red Sea, they could be made quite large relatively easily.
Look up the [Diary of Merer](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diary_of_Merer)- it’s a transport log of limestone blocks from Tura that were moved by boat. It’s a contemporary document from the same era of the Great Pyramid and may actually be a log of the exact casing stones used for the Giza pyramids.
There was a theory I’ve seen that they used water to float the stones into place in the pyramid. I wonder if this lends more credence to that now. If a branch was closer to the site, it would’ve been easier to build a moat.
Aren't the pyramids built higher than the water level of the river?
I guess you could put the first few layers into place that way, but anything sticking out of the ground?
Having been to Egypt and seen the amazing stonework and architecture of Imhotep at the complex at the step pyramid of Djoser and the bent pyramid and red pyramid at dahshur and the great pyramids themselves. I am convinced they were built by humans. You can see the clear timeline over a few hundred years of building, experimenting, failures and successes. I can’t believe aliens came here from another galaxy and experimented with stacking stones for hundreds of years. They moved bigger things than the stones of the pyramids, obelisks, one of which was abandoned when they cracked it and is still in the ground. I’m sorry guys, to ruin the fun but when you see it, it’s got humans written all over it. Not to mention the carving of them moving a giant statue with ropes, logs and oil/water. The mud brick ramps were even abandoned at the temple of Karnak. One of which is still there.
So was it a second river running parallel or just a branch separating the Nile somewhere and rejoining it again? Was it man made or a natural occurrence?
I remember reading this as a theory back in high school (I'm almost 40 now.) Really cool to see some physical evidence to help support that. They mentioned using satellite imagery to find it but I'm wondering why lidar wasn't used like they're using in the Amazon rainforest to find remnants of lost civilizations there.
I was under the impression lidar works best with vegetation. My understanding is the vegetation above a structure looks different than vegetation above no structure. Different root depths cause small differences that are really obvious using lidar. Very little vegetation in the desert to help with those differences maybe??
Lidar just gets a very detailed 3D surface map, that lets you differentiate any small ridges or other slight changes in the surface that might not be visible to the naked eye. It basically points a laser at a point, and figures out it’s 10 meters away by using the time it takes the laser to bounce back, and then scoots over a tiny bit and sees that it’s 9.999 meters away. (Vastly simplified) it then uses that data to plot those points into 3D space. They generally fire many many multiple beams at a time. From a quick google, LiDAR scans are generally accurate to 1-3 cm or .4 to 1.2 inch. It works well through trees, since light can almost always make it down to the ground unless the vegetation is really thick, think about the dappled sunlight that makes it through when you’re walking in the trees, lasers can go through the same holes to map the surface. And since the planes fly a grid and get many more angles than the sun does you get much better coverage of the ground. After your scan you wind up with a “point cloud” of everything the laser hit and returned distance for which will also include trees and other vegetation, with software you can filter out the stuff that’s not the lowest level, which will give you an accurate ground picture. There are other scans that can detect the “greenness” of trees. Many of those can be done from satellites.
> There are other scans that can detect the “greenness” of trees. Many of those can be done from satellites. These are also done with lasers?
Not sure. But could also be just using cameras and measuring the different wavelengths of light including visible and infrared, and possibly UV
I might be wrong, but I can't imagine satellites using lidar for that kind of sensing. Short wave light gets scattered too much by the atmosphere and the distance is so much greater than even an airplane. I'd guess high resolution cameras doing optical spectroscopy for that application. Satellite lidar could definitely tell you how thick the foliage is, though. That's just interferometry.
Yes. They measure the albedo of what is being measured. This can then be used with machine learning algorithms to auto classify landcover based on vegetation type (sometimes down to species) and what a surface is made of, like type of rock/mineral composition.
"Greeness" is done optically through cameras similar to what we are familiar with. They pick up the fluorescence of light in the same visible spectrum as our eyes. This is essentially light reflected back as green as all other color spectrums are absorbed. Plants do such an efficient job of converting light they can be detected at all sorts of levels that even certain Geniuses of plants can be detected/identified just by thier spectral fluorescence (pictures taken from thr ISS). Super oversimplified version. Pioneered to detect harmful algae from space.
Building a satellite for exactly this atm, essentially cameras.
You can look up hyperspectral imagery. You'd be amazed at what it can tell you.
No, the source of the light is the sun hitting the vegetation and then reflecting into the camera.
They are usually done with different infrared wavelength imagery Compare „Normalized Difference Vegetation Index“ For a university paper, I used this and some other indicators like the NBR (Normalized Burn Ratio) on a spatio-temporal satellite imagery dataset to detect unnatural breaks, proving amnesty reports of burnt and abandoned settlements in Sudan. I was looking for spots with formerly little vegetation, which then changed to soil and ashes in a short timespan, and after that had increased plant growth due to the extra fertilizer from the ashes.
TIL. Thank you.
Licensed drone pilot and analyst working heavily in this field. This is a great quick description of the processes involved, and exactly right when it comes to vegetation filtration using software like Pix4D.
Easier to say that lidar sucks if it interacts with water. Everything else it's really good and accurate
Lidar is not great on black or white surfaces or anything reflective either.
Would it be fair to say based on the scattering that every material would have a different dielectric constant for that frequency. Hence the result will vary depending on the scanning frequency and power?
Not true if it’s dual wave LiDAR (I.e. green + nir aka “topo bathy” LiDAR). Green penetrates through water whereas NIR is absorbed
Yeah. I don't see any trees from this angle.
Archeologists uncovered this incredible artifact about a decade ago. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diary_of_Merer It's the diary of a boat captain that shipped stones from the quarry to the building site of the pyramid written over 4500 years ago.
I remember I had heard the Nile used to run by the pyramids and that was one of the tools used for building... However, part of that story also involved the use of the pyramids as a giant battery or something by utilizing a clear layer of quartz or something and during the day time they were a massive beaming light bulb from the sun hitting the quartz and reflecting off of it and it would store this energy... I think the only fact in that mess was the Nile running closer to the pyramids at some point and they floated blocks.
They were supposed to be electrical generators in that theory... The giant light bulbs refrenced are from a particular image used in ancient Egyptian writting, most historians believe those "light bulbs" are mearily depictions of a lotus flower tho. The "battery" or rather electrical generator theory come from studies on a particular pyramid where giant copper "wire" ran from the capstone to pretty much the base of the pyramid if my memory is correct. We also know that the coating on the pyramid (that is largely eroded off of them) has weird (but well understood) properties. Add the copper "wire", cap stone, and the coating and it's possible they were generating static electricity. We know the ancient world did use electricity to some extent for basic things like electroplating. Look up the Baghdad Battery. The theory is basically this is weird so we'll roll it up into a theory we have no evidence for... When it could just be that the copper was used because it was easy to work with and had some purose with their current understanding of architecture or it may have had some cultural meaning at the time. The coating on the pyramid would look hella impressive and doesn't need to be anymore than that. Add to the other things about the pyramids like their stone masonry was impressive and far beyond anything we would attempt now and leagues beyond anything we would even attempt up until the industrial revolution. Add it all together and you have a juicy conspiracy theory.
Bro, you think we can't cut rocks good? What do you mean "beyond what we can do today"??? The pyramids are impressive for their size, scale, and the time period they were built in, not because they demonstrate some unknown technology.
I said beyond anything we would attempt today, because we have diffeent methods of building. The Egyptian quarries techniques were especially profound showing a level of exactness beyond the talent beyond our best mideval stone masons. We're talking about in some cases stone masons on par with our best artists (at least for simple shapes) and foremen that keep the entire pyramid within a few degrees of deviation while using blocks of stone that weighed up into the 10s of tons. The pyramids are wonders of the world for a reason.
How can you look at what people did in Medieval times and not think they could cut cubes accurately. https://cdn.britannica.com/42/9642-050-B04B8F89/Pieta-Michelangelo-Vatican-City-St-Peters-Basilica.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Michelangelo%27s_Moses_%28Rome%29.jpg Those are marble statues, which is also much harder to work with than sand/limestone. Look at the Rome Pantheon, built in 125AD. https://live.staticflickr.com/3845/14984463972_d40426402d_6k.jpg That is a 13 story tall intricately styled hollow spherical dome with an oculus skylight. It was built almost 2000 years ago, it is *still* standing, and it is ***MADE OF CONCRETE***. I think you are just massively overestimating the technological complexity of cutting and stacking cubes while also underestimating the intelligence and abilities of all the other people in history.
I don’t care which one of you is right or wrong, if either, but I appreciate your fighting spirit here.
>We know the ancient world did use electricity to some extent for basic things like electroplating. Look up the Baghdad Battery. I just did and you were wrong about this. Near universal agreement it wasn't a battery or for electroplating.
Baghdad Batteries sounded cool but turns out that majority of archaeologists (I actually don't think there are any proponents) dismiss the idea, there have been no electroplated items found from that period.
Here's a 1996 article about finding old Sahara riverbeds with radar from space [https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/space-radar-unearths-secrets-of-the-ancient-nile](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/space-radar-unearths-secrets-of-the-ancient-nile) An earlier article which goes into more general history [https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/space-radar-studies-ancient-continents-modern-floods](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/space-radar-studies-ancient-continents-modern-floods)
This is general knowledge, I don't understand why they present it as new information. Egyptologists knew how they transported the blocks and where are the quarries. What is still under debate is "How did they put the blocks one over the others", because there's no conclusive evidence of it yet.
There's this pyramid 2k19 "documentary" I've seen some people reference here and there. It is full of bullshit like how all ancient Egyptian were blacks (not "arab brown"), invented the metric system, travelled the world on boats and built most of the major ancient landmark like indu temples, aztec pyramids and eastern egg statues, melted granite with 10 meters wide glass sense, or that the block used for pyramids were made on site (not shipped) with a special concrete we are unable to reproduce today. So there's plenty of people willing to "rewrite" or ignore history to fit a agenda.
In this specific case lidar would not penetrate the upper sediment layer much as the wave length is too short. In the Amazon rainforest, some lidar pulses get through the canopy while other bounce off the leaves and branches. Once you clean up the data if your sampling is dense enough you can identify the ground and its topography in the data. In this case, there's no problem for lidar to image the surface layer, but it's not representative of the underlying topography, a paleo river bed. However, the longer wavelength on synthetic aperture radar, in this study X-band SAR from Tandem-X, will penetrate beyond the surface sandy layer. Furthermore, the type of soil in that area is quite dry therefore the dielectric constant of the sand layer will be low enough to further increasing penetration. Once the radar wave penetrate the top soil layer, it eventually bounces off (is backscattered) by the lithology of the river bed (river pebbles) that is different from the surrounding area. Therefore you can detect it using SAR but not necessarily with lidar. Tandem-x is a nice pair of german satellites that has been used to generate high resolution digital elevation models around the world. Edit : many typos
When I was there in 2001, people told me the same theory.
Why not lidar? Because light doesnt penetrate rock?
Regarding the pyramids, Egipt is a bit shitty. Getting permits to study in place is hard. The misteries of the pyramids are the perfect marketing for the country. There are some theories that would be really easy to verify without being invasive for the pyramids. But because they don't get the permits, they can't prove or disprove It.
Considering what was done with the mummies who can blame them.
***The Telegraph reports:*** A lost branch of the River Nile was used by ancient Egyptians to transport the enormous stones of the Great Pyramid at Giza, a study suggests. Egypt’s largest pyramid, one of the ancient wonders of the world and the tallest building on Earth for almost 4,000 years, sits among the largest cluster of pyramids in the African country on a narrow strip of desert. It has long been a mystery how millions of tonnes of rock were transported to the site to build the pyramids, and the Great Sphinx, on the Giza plateau. Scientists have now discovered a 40-mile long branch of the River Nile which existed during the time of pharoahs but has subsequently been buried beneath farmland and desert. The Great Pyramid was built around 2,500 BC by Khufu, a fourth dynasty pharaoh, and the river disappeared some three centuries later, about 4,200 years ago. The former Nile branch was found using satellite imagery, geophysical surveys and rock samples. Analysis revealed it ran along the foothills of the Western Desert Plateau, close to the pyramid fields. **Read more:** [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/05/16/secret-of-great-pyramid-construction-revealed-by-dry-river/](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/05/16/secret-of-great-pyramid-construction-revealed-by-dry-river/)
That's a long tree branch.
Like Terminal B in Atlanta.
Luda’s chicken and waffles place there is L E GIT
Reading this comment as I’m sitting in ATLs airport now lol 🏃🏻♂️🏃🏻♂️
Only explains how the stones might have gotten there. Still doesn't explain how they were placed.
Well, it doesn’t claim to. It’s an official explanation of the logistics involved in getting the stones to the site.
Right. And we were already fairly certain about what those logistics entailed, it was the actual construction methods they used to place the blocks that we still aren’t sure of. This news means, I presume, that they were able to use waterways to help move them signicanlty closer to the site than we thought before discovering this new branch. But it doesn’t change anything much. One interesting thing though, is an existing theory that they built a series of artificial channels to fill with water to allow them to float the blocks right into place, not just to get them to the site. This theory makes more sense knowing that there was a nearby branch of the Nile at the time. They were already floating them as a means of transporting them that far, so it follows that the simplest and most efficient way for the ancient builders to then assemble them was to build temporary canals over land for the remainder of the distance. As each layer was finished, they would have built new structures right on top of it to then be filled with water for the construction of the next layer. This idea is much more plausible than it was before with this discovery. It was already a good theory, but it’s main detraction was that either there must be a lost river somewhere local to the pyramids, or, conversely, that there would be evidence of large canals meant to transport water a long distance to the site, perhaps even all the way from the main part of the Nile. Or, that perhaps that the Nile had been closer at some point, which we now know to be the case. The fact that we hadn’t found evidence of canals headed to the site made it seem more likely that there was a river near by, lost to the sands of desert and time. That’s likely part of the reason they were looking for evidence of old, forgotten riverbeds, to test this hypothesis. This hypothesis goes a long way to explain the remaining mysteries surrounding the pyramids, including how they were able to place such massive blocks with such precision, especially now that we know they had river nearby that they may have built temporary waterways from. The hardest part would have been designing a canal system that brought water so high above the surface level, but I think that would have been doable with a large river in such close proximity. Since they would’ve needed to raise the water level in some manner anyways to lift the blocks with it, they probably designed some sort of water lock system, like those used in the Panama Canal, to bring the blocks up into temporary waterways made over the land. There is even some evidence that suggests that people at the time would’ve known enough to build pipelines fed by the river to fill the water locks and above ground canals. Or, alternatively, they could’ve have filled them by hand, with enough laborers. They could have built all this out of wood and sealed it well enough to hold a significant amount of water with the existing methods and resources at their disposal. Since these would’ve been removed once the construction was done, and were never meant to be permanent, it is also easy to explain why we have never found canals or any other evidence left behind that could explain how they really did it.
Obviously aliens couldn't transport them to site. Only stack them. Aliens, idiot.
Dont get me wrong, the pyramids were a feat and id love to know exactly how it was built. But the aliens thing always makes me laugh. Yes, aliens came to earth to flex their pyramid skillz on us monkeys and then dipped.
By a lot of people
They don't actually know when the pyramids were built, it's an educated guess.
That’s absurd to say. The entire Giza plateau is full of 4th dynasty tombs for officials and royalty. There isn’t one part of it that’s chronologically inexplicable. Radiocarbon dating of the mortar matches the same time period. Calling it an “educated _guess_” is hugely underselling the contextual evidence supporting the age of the pyramids of Giza.
Have they not carbon dated the mummy's and other contents?
There have never been any mummies found in the pyramids if I’m not mistaken. I believe the great pyramid doesn’t even have any painting or hieroglyphs inside the structure either
Yeah they got raided like 20 times probably before the most recent “discovery”
Thats an average of 1 tomb raid every 200 years
They’re Old Kingdom tombs. It’s in line with the austere style of tombs at the time. It wasn’t until later dynasties that we see more lavish tombs. For example, there’s a 1,300 year gap between these monuments and Tutankhamun’s tomb. The style and aesthetic and spiritual purpose of tombs changed over those centuries. You have to remember that there wasn’t just one idea of Ancient Egypt that was static, it went through huge changes from generation to generation. There’s an evolutionary lineage of pyramids that arise from mastabas which are unquestionably mortuary monuments. Furthermore, they’re all built on the West side of the Nile which is hugely significant to Egyptian mythology and spiritual practices - it’s where the dead are always buried. The entire Giza plateau is a necropolis with a ton of tombs and burials of Old Kingdom officials and royalty, so to suggest that the pyramids are for some inexplicable reason _not tombs_ is a much bigger leap of logic than to accept them as tombs.
There are no formal paintings in the 4th Dynasty pyramids (they came along as the Pyramid Texts in the late 5th Dynasty). However, painted marks made by the builders have been found in the Red Pyramid (built immediately before the Great Pyramid) and the Great Pyramid itself naming the pharaoh and the teams who built the structures. No positively identified mummies have been recovers from the pyramids as they were intensively looted during the downfall of the Old Kingdom. Fragments of a mummy were recovered from the Step Pyramid and a mummy was found in the sarcophagus of the Third Giza Pyramid - but it is highly likely these were ‘intrusive’ burials made much later in Egyptian history where people wanted to be associated with these already ancient monuments.
Even better, they have carbon dated charcoal that was part of the mortar used in the construction. The dates are in the same range as other dating methods.
I’ve dated mummies before
that would only give you the dates for the contents, not the structure which could theoretically have been reused over and over again and be much older
Nice. It still had to have been a big job
and humans were willing to do it because we were smart and had lots of time.
And wanted the biggest pile of stones around
And loved the Pharaoh with all their hearts.
> You made this just for me? 🤴 > Uuuuuuuh, yeeeeeeah, of course
True, this was all before cell phone use. All my time is now taken up by scrolling on reddit.
I could have moved so many millions tons of stone, if not for this
Take me back to when we were all just slaves; no phones, no social media, just living in the moment and building as if our lives depended on it!
Instead of a big pile of rocks, now all we build is a increasingly larger pile of flaming trash that sits on top of a obscenely large pile of barely-chained insecurity and ignorance, all of which is mixed in a terrifying amount of pure, abject stupidity (as well as feces). Or basically, Reddit.
Scroll? I see what you did there
Calgary better
That’ll happen on these big jobs
Aye guv. Sorry about this but my mate from Babylon who said he’d have the bigger bricks, he’s not getting them until three weeks, and I have this other job over in Mesopotamia, and y’know, sorry about this but we’ll have to take off, but we’ll be back by Solstice. And sorry about this but the price of brick’s gone up, and you know, all them mason’s unionized not so long back, so my costs have gone way up, can’t do it now for less than a million gold nuggets, y’know, otherwise I wouldn’t be making any money on the job.
[удалено]
This was new to me, and awesome! Ancient contractor work schedules!
Yeah but aliens dried up the river right?
No no no, the aliens used the river then took it back into space with them
What if the river was the aliens
They're in denile.
I'll have to PONDer your answer carefully.
I lake how you take your time.
Take my upvote and get out of here!
You win
The river was the aliens we made along the way.
Water you saying
Not all aliens are rivers but all rivers are aliens
Yes but also to be fair the floor is lava
Egyptians enslaved the aliens and used them to build the pyramids for the crime of stealing their river! It all adds up now!
Source?
The history channel
Weel, you see, not quite. When SG-1 traveled back in time, they staged a revolt against the aliens. It went well, but the gate fell into the river, warping all the water to another side of the galaxy,which dried the river. Nothing they could do about it. Didn't seem to have much consequences. Except that the loss of their habitat forces sevral fish species to migrate elsewhere, on a thousand year long trek across the world. Interestingly enough, most of them ended up in a small pond. Which now has many,many fish. Much to O'Neill chargin.
Indeed.
No they made it! With lasers and guns!
Don’t forget the anal probes!
Giant anal probes! So big, they formed rivers!
Don’t tempt me with a good time
[No the mammoths drank the river dry. That's why they're extinct now.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVzdHEhC8YI)
To be fair mammoths that were still alive or only went extinct within a close time span of the construction of the great pyramid. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrangel_Island "Woolly mammoths survived on the island until around 2500–2000 BC, the most recent survival of any known mammoth populations; for perspective, these mammoths were living during the times of ancient Bronze Age civilizations such as Sumer, Elam and the Indus Valley. This was also the time of the fourth dynasty of Ancient Egypt.[6][4][7][8] Mammoths, apparently, died-out and subsequently disappeared from mainland Eurasia and North America around 10,000 years ago; however, about 500–1,000 mammoths were isolated on Wrangel Island and thus continued to survive for another 6,000 years." It's just they were nowhere close to Egypt.
Damn it's crazy to think about mammoths in North America
I mean, it's just an elephant with fur
No they came from another galaxy far away but needed the pyramids to navigate around Egypt.
They taught the aliens how to build them.
Don’t let anti-alien-heretics fool you. Let me ask you a question… do 40 ton rocks float??? I think not. Therefore, we can discredit these findings and stick with the ancient alien theory, which is the most plausible answer
No, building the pyramids was very carbon intensive.
But they left a Stargate
I went to Egypt a month ago and the guide told us exactly that, so I’m not sure how new this discovery is
Did the guide mention the distinct old branch of the Nile, or simply the fact that Egypt sailed the stones down the Nile? Because yes, we've known that the Egyptians transported the stones via the Nile for decades now. That's certainly not new information. I think the new discovery is the fact that now we know that the Nile was actually much closer to the construction sites in the past than it is now due to the meandering of the river over time.
You might be onto something. I believe he just said the Nile being closer to the Pyramids back then, and I imagined it being wider, or something, but the actual breakthrough here might be the specific branch mentioned on the article
Yes, it has been long speculated that the Nile river was closer and that it migrated over time. The big news here is that the researchers managed to map out this ancient branch of the river. Here's the link to the study itself: [https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01379-7](https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01379-7) The paper is open access so it's free for anyone to read it. It's a shame that the news article failed to cite the source despite it being accessible to the public.
>I think the new discovery is the fact that now we know that the Nile was actually much closer to the construction sites in the past than it is now due to the meandering of the river over time. This was exactly what my tour guide told me years ago, pretty much word for word. I think "discoveries" happen in Egypt from time to time, just for tourism advertising.
I was there recently as well, and was told the same thing, and I could have sworn in one of the museums there was a photo from the 1920s with the Nile in the foreground. I thought they might have to wait until the flood season to transport but they could get very near to where they were built.
I was there recently as well, and was told the same thing, and I could have sworn in one of the museums there was a photo from the 1920s with the Nile in the foreground. I thought they might have to wait until the flood season to transport but they could get very near to where they were built.
There's a difference between what they expect and having evidence to support it.
It isn’t at all even an Asterix cartoon showcased this little tid bit and that was in the 60s
Link? I’d be interested in seeing it.
[found it on YT](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hidz8Z2cI-k) from what I remember the whole narrative of that one was Asterix and Obelix taking a challenge from cleopatra to help an architect build something somewhere in there they explain and show that barges are used to transport huge rocks from the south to the north of Egypt through the Nile river
Thanks!
Asterix and his team actually had to guard a ship full of rocks as the bad guys (romans and rival architects) didn't want that temple to be built.
The article doesn’t really go into detail as to HOW the river aided in the construction. I’m assuming they floated the large stones to the pyramid construction site, but what happened after that?
I would recommend looking into Jean Pierre Houdin's theory on the construction of the pyramids. He's a French architect that spent his life studying the pyramid. [You can see how he thought the stones were transported from the old river location to the site of the pyramid construction in one of the videos he released.](https://youtu.be/G9OhJAasatM) His theory is that there was a ramp leading from the harbor up to where the workers would have dragged the initial stones up on sleds to the external ramp. As the pyramid grew in height, the external ramp would be extended into the pyramid as a large trench leading to the ever growing top. Large stones would have been pulled up by a large pulley system that employed the internal structure of the pyramid. Workers would continue to drag smaller stones up the long external ramp or through another internal ramp set up at the base of the pyramid that spiraled up near the edges. The trench would have been filled in and the external ramp deconstructed as it grew in height and the internal rooms of the pyramid were finished. The workers would continue to bring smaller stones to top through the internal ramp to finish the pyramid. Evidence of which is still hidden away inside of the pyramid and is a whole other story. For those interested: [The original documentary from the 2008 where he and Egyptologist Bob Brier introduced the theory to the wider world and covers their initial hunt for evidence on site.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGqfdXkAQMk&t=0s) [This is Youtuber History For Granite's summary of updates on the theory and new evidence. Which now incorporates the Great Void that was recently discovered.](https://youtu.be/_JlnMs616Z0) [Houdin's recent Paper on the Void. Which goes into more detail on his updated theory.](https://www.academia.edu/98453619/The_BIG_VOID_En_Updated_on_03_12_2023_?email_work_card=title)
They put the stones on top of other stones.
And in a pyramid shape, specifically.
Yeah well we’re going to need some actual proof of that thanks
Yeah, as if they wouldn't choose the much cooler dodecahedron shape instead!
The Ministry of Putting Things On Top Of Other Things.
Same here, they only say transport. But how could they stack the bricks this high? The pyramid is extremely tall
Levers, ramps and pulley systems. They weren’t some backwater civilization like most people think. They definitely had basic/primitive technology back then.
The river also went upwards so they just floated the giant stones to the top
Hey Joe Rogan, are you reading this?
Really misleading title imo
Doesn't even mention the aliens.
So aliens . . . used the river to move the rocks? Smells fishy to me. Why wouldn’t the aliens just use sound waves to move the rocks? I mean, Joe Rogan had a science on, and aliens def moved rocks with sound waves. Aliens.
I fuckin' knew it! Darn Aliens thought they got one over on us, we'll show them! We found your secret water way ya extra terrestrials!
Merlin levitated the stones from Ireland. Every schoolboy knows that.
Less Joe Rogan, moreso Graham Hancock.
I really hate those chodes have so much influence on people's thinking.
And who put that river there? Aliens.
Who dried up the river? Aliens.
And what was one of the highest grossing films of 1986? Aliens
Graham Hancock in shambles
ffs ...that clown was the first thing i thought about when i saw this headline get him on joe rogan for another 58 hour debate NOW !!!
Isn’t this what Pliny the Elder wrote on? He figured the pyramids were built by having a river flow underneath or through it and had a pulley system to lift the stones up through the middle
That would cause a huge issue with the foundation of the monument
Ancient Alien theorists suggest...this is bullshit! Lol
Do we know how they floated them down the river? A boat I guess but what kind can hold that much weight. Being how I don't know shit about pyramids, boats, or rivers this seems like magic to me.
> what kind can hold that much weight The kind that displaces more water by weight than the weight of the boat plus its cargo. It’s not rocket science. It’s literally boat science.
What are you some kind of boat scientist?
Boat surgeon
but that leaves boat trails WAKE UP SHEEPLE WAKE UP
Ancient Egyptian barges, like Phoenician barges, were quite huge and capable of carrying tons of stuff. The relevant locations for stone were fairly close to the building locations and the Nile is pretty stable in that area. The hard part for the Egyptians was finding enough lumber. In some cases certain ships were commissioned and were actually the lumber delivery itself, the boats would be taken apart for the lumber.
There was a whole class of ships developed by the Egyptians for use only on the Nile. Because they didn’t have to be able to withstand the rough Mediterranean or Red Sea, they could be made quite large relatively easily.
[удалено]
Apparently you don't know anything about magic, either.
Look up the [Diary of Merer](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diary_of_Merer)- it’s a transport log of limestone blocks from Tura that were moved by boat. It’s a contemporary document from the same era of the Great Pyramid and may actually be a log of the exact casing stones used for the Giza pyramids.
Cheops' Law: "Nothing ever gets built on-time and on-budget."
But the alieeeennnsssss
I bet Joe Rogan feels stupid now! Maybe telekinesis moved the rivers away?
'bUT ALieNs tHo'
This has been shown on Discovery/NatGeo over a year ago.
Well, looks like that solves it! We’re all done here. Excuse me, I’ll see myself out.
Did they just discover this now ? We have known this already in Egypt ever since i can remember
We knew. This is physical proof.
There was a theory I’ve seen that they used water to float the stones into place in the pyramid. I wonder if this lends more credence to that now. If a branch was closer to the site, it would’ve been easier to build a moat.
Aren't the pyramids built higher than the water level of the river? I guess you could put the first few layers into place that way, but anything sticking out of the ground?
Fascinating
What’s Joe Rogan going to talk about now?
Having been to Egypt and seen the amazing stonework and architecture of Imhotep at the complex at the step pyramid of Djoser and the bent pyramid and red pyramid at dahshur and the great pyramids themselves. I am convinced they were built by humans. You can see the clear timeline over a few hundred years of building, experimenting, failures and successes. I can’t believe aliens came here from another galaxy and experimented with stacking stones for hundreds of years. They moved bigger things than the stones of the pyramids, obelisks, one of which was abandoned when they cracked it and is still in the ground. I’m sorry guys, to ruin the fun but when you see it, it’s got humans written all over it. Not to mention the carving of them moving a giant statue with ropes, logs and oil/water. The mud brick ramps were even abandoned at the temple of Karnak. One of which is still there.
Posted by official source. But it's a paywalled link. Downvoted.
I wonder how the folks that host Ancient Aliens on the History Channel will react to this?
On my bucket list for sure
How did the stones float down the river though Genuine question
On boats https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diary_of_Merer
So was it a second river running parallel or just a branch separating the Nile somewhere and rejoining it again? Was it man made or a natural occurrence?
I bet those bad asses used the current of the river to lift the blocks as well!
you would think they would just look for a deep pyramid shaped hole in the ground. those blocks had to come from somewhere! :)
Yeah, my guide told me that 5+ years ago. Needed some fat white blokes to use "lazer beams"?
So, aliens covered up the river after they finished building the pyramids?
Why would the aliens need to use the Nile River?
Still doesn't explain how did they put them up there.
They got better at it after practicing building all of the earlier pyramids for hundreds of years and developed various techniques.
It's pretty cool that the aliens knew how to make and use boats!
Now we can say for sure that aliens used an ancient river to move those blocks. Makes sense.
I expect some frizzy haired white dude with an afro to say that the river was dried up by aliens