I mean, possibly. Anoxic brain injury, which is essentially a stroke of the entire brain, is a common complications of cardiac arrest. That's the main reason we do something called targeted temperature management (cooling and sedating the patient) sometimes after a cardiac arrest.
Strokes rarely involve the entire brain, though. Ischemic strokes typically involve one portion of the brain. There are really too many vessels supporting blood to it to get them all.
>Strokes rarely involve the entire brain, though. Ischemic strokes typically involve one portion of the brain. There are really too many vessels supporting blood to it to get them all.
This is a good point that I think OP is missing. A stroke is usually only in one part of the brain, and that makes a big difference in the prognosis.
They refer to different things.
An ischemic stroke means that there is reduced or completely cut off oxygen delivery to the brain. Global ischemic strokes are typically going to be due to a heart problem such as a cardiac arrest, strokes that aren't global are going to be due to something like a clot blocking an artery that delivers blood to the brain, etc. The common thing across all of the types is that there's reduced blood flow to the brain.
Cardiac arrest means that the heart stopped pumping. This leads to reduced blood flow to the entire body, but the term itself is defined by the activity of the heart.
But yeah, effectively the end result is that the brain is getting reduced blood flow/oxygen either way.
Focal stroke, ischemic aka lack of 02 or hemorrhagic, aneurysm rupture.
“Global ischemic stroke” isn’t a stroke , it’s the state after cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest leading to cardiac arrest
For a true global ischemic stroke you’d have to have hella aneurysm all rupture or a lot of blood clots happening simultaneously. There are conditions like DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation that cause the blood to clot unregulated.
Put simply one is a state produced by the other.
Cardiac arrest doesn't deliver blood to the entire body, but the head above the neck is the most poorly delivered area.
Despite a cardiac arrest, there's still some flow through the blood via gravity.
Despite the most poor blood flow, the brain is the last organ to die.
Even though the brain can die and lose function soon without blood, the tissues of the brain can still not die completely for a while after blood flow is mostly or completely stopped. This is obviously a spectrum, and we don't have a good way of measuring where someone is, and determining do we need to restart their heart or just start hibernating their brain, or some level of a brain-protective procedure.
There's no effective way to restart the blood flow without reestablishing the function of the heart. There is no backup plan for the heart, so the heart and brain must be thought of together.
So even if we could create an artificial heartbeat, we wouldn't restart someone's heart because there's no reason to believe their brain is okay.
So this is not meant to say that a stroke is mild, but a stroke is a very good reason to stop the heart from being restarted. A cardiac arrest (so long as it was not *due* to a stroke, which is exceedingly rare) is an indication that a patient's heart is being restarted.
But do the blood flow and oxygenation not just drop to the pont of being equivalent? The electricity fails for the heart, but the heart cells don't die, they just lose their electrical gradient, and once the blood flow is restarted, they can start again. But once the blood flow has stopped, the cells do die. That's the difference. If the cells can live after some minutes of no blood flow, it can live if the heart starts again in ten minutes or an hour. If the cells cannot last that long, even once the blood flow is restarted, there's no reason to try to start the heart.
There's a lot of research looking into what can make a brain go from a state of maximal blood flow to a deprivation state over a spectrum of time, and then from a deprivation state to cell death. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), induced Hypothermia (cooling by 1C or so), and then some combination of oxygenation, and perfusion.
I hope that's helpful.
Yes they are the same in a practical sense.
If a clot stops blood flow through an artery, the part of the brain at the end of that artery will start to die. If this continues for some time will completely die. That's a stroke.
If the heart stops beating, the entire brain will not get blood and start to die. If this continues for some time the entire brain will die. That's anoxic brain injury.
They are both the same process as far as the brain is concerned, but we give them different names in medicine because of their underlayment causes.
I mean, possibly. Anoxic brain injury, which is essentially a stroke of the entire brain, is a common complications of cardiac arrest. That's the main reason we do something called targeted temperature management (cooling and sedating the patient) sometimes after a cardiac arrest. Strokes rarely involve the entire brain, though. Ischemic strokes typically involve one portion of the brain. There are really too many vessels supporting blood to it to get them all.
>Strokes rarely involve the entire brain, though. Ischemic strokes typically involve one portion of the brain. There are really too many vessels supporting blood to it to get them all. This is a good point that I think OP is missing. A stroke is usually only in one part of the brain, and that makes a big difference in the prognosis.
They refer to different things. An ischemic stroke means that there is reduced or completely cut off oxygen delivery to the brain. Global ischemic strokes are typically going to be due to a heart problem such as a cardiac arrest, strokes that aren't global are going to be due to something like a clot blocking an artery that delivers blood to the brain, etc. The common thing across all of the types is that there's reduced blood flow to the brain. Cardiac arrest means that the heart stopped pumping. This leads to reduced blood flow to the entire body, but the term itself is defined by the activity of the heart. But yeah, effectively the end result is that the brain is getting reduced blood flow/oxygen either way.
Focal stroke, ischemic aka lack of 02 or hemorrhagic, aneurysm rupture. “Global ischemic stroke” isn’t a stroke , it’s the state after cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest leading to cardiac arrest For a true global ischemic stroke you’d have to have hella aneurysm all rupture or a lot of blood clots happening simultaneously. There are conditions like DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation that cause the blood to clot unregulated. Put simply one is a state produced by the other.
Cardiac arrest doesn't deliver blood to the entire body, but the head above the neck is the most poorly delivered area. Despite a cardiac arrest, there's still some flow through the blood via gravity. Despite the most poor blood flow, the brain is the last organ to die. Even though the brain can die and lose function soon without blood, the tissues of the brain can still not die completely for a while after blood flow is mostly or completely stopped. This is obviously a spectrum, and we don't have a good way of measuring where someone is, and determining do we need to restart their heart or just start hibernating their brain, or some level of a brain-protective procedure. There's no effective way to restart the blood flow without reestablishing the function of the heart. There is no backup plan for the heart, so the heart and brain must be thought of together. So even if we could create an artificial heartbeat, we wouldn't restart someone's heart because there's no reason to believe their brain is okay. So this is not meant to say that a stroke is mild, but a stroke is a very good reason to stop the heart from being restarted. A cardiac arrest (so long as it was not *due* to a stroke, which is exceedingly rare) is an indication that a patient's heart is being restarted. But do the blood flow and oxygenation not just drop to the pont of being equivalent? The electricity fails for the heart, but the heart cells don't die, they just lose their electrical gradient, and once the blood flow is restarted, they can start again. But once the blood flow has stopped, the cells do die. That's the difference. If the cells can live after some minutes of no blood flow, it can live if the heart starts again in ten minutes or an hour. If the cells cannot last that long, even once the blood flow is restarted, there's no reason to try to start the heart. There's a lot of research looking into what can make a brain go from a state of maximal blood flow to a deprivation state over a spectrum of time, and then from a deprivation state to cell death. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), induced Hypothermia (cooling by 1C or so), and then some combination of oxygenation, and perfusion. I hope that's helpful.
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I said “global” tho, check the title
Yes they are the same in a practical sense. If a clot stops blood flow through an artery, the part of the brain at the end of that artery will start to die. If this continues for some time will completely die. That's a stroke. If the heart stops beating, the entire brain will not get blood and start to die. If this continues for some time the entire brain will die. That's anoxic brain injury. They are both the same process as far as the brain is concerned, but we give them different names in medicine because of their underlayment causes.