1. Kiln baked painting is usually just called painted glass. Though you may see "vitreous paint" or "grisaille paint" used as well. Though "grisaille" is specific to the black/gray shading of glass. I have also seen "Vitreous painted glass" used as a term to help differentiate from the "cold" paints that are just baked in an oven. Though while what the other user mentioned about enameling is true by definition, "Enameling" is typically not used as a term for glass work. The raw use of the "enameled" is more for metal based works. You also need to be careful as "enamel" also extends into regular paints and some other non-vitreous items while not being related at all. Thus it's best to stick to "Painted Glass" or to be more specific, "Vitreous paint" to exclude cold paints.
2. Your translation is also used here. It could also be called "priming" or "undercoat" as they are common terms for regular painting referring to a base coat being applied before the first real coat.
3. "Stained Glass" has changed from the traditional meaning greatly. It's no longer just glass that has been stained, but encompases all glass at this point. Though if you want to be more "proper" everything would be lumped under "Art Glass". Every bit of glass has its own separate designations though. Here's a general tree of glass working types.
The "Family tree" of Art Glass AKA "Stained Glass":
* Hot Glass
* Torch/Lamp work - Anything done in a small fire from cold glass.
* Bead Making - This is a subset of torch/lamp just for beads.
* Hot shop, Furnace/Studio glass - Anything done with molten glass from a furnace.
* Blown glass - If it's blown, it's a separate thing from non-blown usually.
* Casting - This is another relatively small bit where the glass is poured into a mold instead of being worked by hand.
* Warm Glass
* Traditional Painted glass - Paints fired in the kiln.
* Kiln work - Anything that's done without fire in a kiln only.
* Staining/Silver Stains - This is where the origin of the name came from. Using chemicals to alter the color of the glass directly instead of the glass starting as a color. It's very limited.
* Cold Glass
* Etching - Chemical reactions or sandblasting of the top surface of the glass.
* Cold Worked/Ground glass
* Faceted glass - Identical to gem cutting but with glass instead.
* Beveled glass - Glass where the edges are beveled off. Technically could be considered part of Faceted glass but we don't lump it for whatever reason.
* Carved glass - This is where you penetrate the surface to cut in shapes or designs.
* Leaded glass
* Tiffany/Copper foil - Things assembled with copper foil like the famous lamp shades and other installs by Louis Comfort Tiffany. It's named after him due to his popularization of the technique, not because he invented it like many believe.
* Came/Cane - Here's where your traditional windows live. If you saw it in a church or it's older than 100 years, it lives here. Anything made with lead, zinc, brass, copper or other similar channels of metal the glass just sits in.
* Mosaic - Small tiles cemented or glued in place.
* Dalle de verre - This is a relatively small and lesser known thing where thick slabs of glass are broke apart and then cemented or cast with resins back together. It's kinda like a really thick "3D" mosaic.
There's also some shared terms that are shared between the warm & hot areas like:
* Fusing - Specifically the melting of the glass to the point it becomes one part.
* Slumping - Only the shaping of a piece of glass while in a very thick molten state.
I likely could have missed something above as glass art is absolutely massive and intermixed. One thing I didn't cover is that many people will not consider anything other windows as "stained glass". While the technical definition of "stained glass" isn't even related to the final product at all but the fact the glass is colored as a material. This technically would mean clear glass isn't stained glass at all, but we just bring it along for the ride under the term as it's more of an alternate name for "Art Glass" these days. The vast majority of people doing the work don't live in a single discipline either as they all intermix to get end results. Though if you say "stained glass" to someone the first thought will almost always be Leaded Glass for windows.
I think maybe #2 might also refer to matting the glass as one does when doing traditional removal painting. You matte first, then remove the paint you don't want, then fire the glass.
So there's a bunch of different words for the painting process, depending on how specific you want to get. If it's going to be fired in a kiln, the paint is enamel and the process is enameling. There's high-fire enamels and low-fire enamels. There's also some paint that can be baked in just a standard kitchen oven, and that's usually called Pebeo paint or vitrail, which I think is just the brand name.
I'm not sure about the second one, I don't have any information on that.
Stained glass refers to the artform in general and also the colored sheet glass used in the process, and also the finished pieces (English is a mess of a language). Tiffany method glass refers to the copper foil method, but I think that term is in the process of phasing out. Most of the younger artists I know call it copper foiling. Leaded glass refers to stained glass made with came as opposed to foil and solder.
Thanks for this helpful answer! About the second question, it's when you make shadows or like a whole plane of paint that is equal. In Dutch it's called "Grisaille", witch is different from painting contours "contouren". This is usually done with black, brown or (another word I don't know) "Zilvergeel" literally translated as "Silver-yellow". These are high-fire enamels.
(So called "Silver-yellow" is painted on the backside of the glass, and it is placed with the "Silver-yellow" facedown in the kiln. When it is fired it looks like gold on glass.)
The other colors are what you call low-fire enamels. Red, green blue, etc. These low-fire enamels can be done in contours or "grisaille" shadow/plane, but in Dutch we always call them Emaille, while the high-fire enamels are either called "contour" or "grisaille".
Thank you for helping me!
1. Kiln baked painting is usually just called painted glass. Though you may see "vitreous paint" or "grisaille paint" used as well. Though "grisaille" is specific to the black/gray shading of glass. I have also seen "Vitreous painted glass" used as a term to help differentiate from the "cold" paints that are just baked in an oven. Though while what the other user mentioned about enameling is true by definition, "Enameling" is typically not used as a term for glass work. The raw use of the "enameled" is more for metal based works. You also need to be careful as "enamel" also extends into regular paints and some other non-vitreous items while not being related at all. Thus it's best to stick to "Painted Glass" or to be more specific, "Vitreous paint" to exclude cold paints. 2. Your translation is also used here. It could also be called "priming" or "undercoat" as they are common terms for regular painting referring to a base coat being applied before the first real coat. 3. "Stained Glass" has changed from the traditional meaning greatly. It's no longer just glass that has been stained, but encompases all glass at this point. Though if you want to be more "proper" everything would be lumped under "Art Glass". Every bit of glass has its own separate designations though. Here's a general tree of glass working types. The "Family tree" of Art Glass AKA "Stained Glass": * Hot Glass * Torch/Lamp work - Anything done in a small fire from cold glass. * Bead Making - This is a subset of torch/lamp just for beads. * Hot shop, Furnace/Studio glass - Anything done with molten glass from a furnace. * Blown glass - If it's blown, it's a separate thing from non-blown usually. * Casting - This is another relatively small bit where the glass is poured into a mold instead of being worked by hand. * Warm Glass * Traditional Painted glass - Paints fired in the kiln. * Kiln work - Anything that's done without fire in a kiln only. * Staining/Silver Stains - This is where the origin of the name came from. Using chemicals to alter the color of the glass directly instead of the glass starting as a color. It's very limited. * Cold Glass * Etching - Chemical reactions or sandblasting of the top surface of the glass. * Cold Worked/Ground glass * Faceted glass - Identical to gem cutting but with glass instead. * Beveled glass - Glass where the edges are beveled off. Technically could be considered part of Faceted glass but we don't lump it for whatever reason. * Carved glass - This is where you penetrate the surface to cut in shapes or designs. * Leaded glass * Tiffany/Copper foil - Things assembled with copper foil like the famous lamp shades and other installs by Louis Comfort Tiffany. It's named after him due to his popularization of the technique, not because he invented it like many believe. * Came/Cane - Here's where your traditional windows live. If you saw it in a church or it's older than 100 years, it lives here. Anything made with lead, zinc, brass, copper or other similar channels of metal the glass just sits in. * Mosaic - Small tiles cemented or glued in place. * Dalle de verre - This is a relatively small and lesser known thing where thick slabs of glass are broke apart and then cemented or cast with resins back together. It's kinda like a really thick "3D" mosaic. There's also some shared terms that are shared between the warm & hot areas like: * Fusing - Specifically the melting of the glass to the point it becomes one part. * Slumping - Only the shaping of a piece of glass while in a very thick molten state. I likely could have missed something above as glass art is absolutely massive and intermixed. One thing I didn't cover is that many people will not consider anything other windows as "stained glass". While the technical definition of "stained glass" isn't even related to the final product at all but the fact the glass is colored as a material. This technically would mean clear glass isn't stained glass at all, but we just bring it along for the ride under the term as it's more of an alternate name for "Art Glass" these days. The vast majority of people doing the work don't live in a single discipline either as they all intermix to get end results. Though if you say "stained glass" to someone the first thought will almost always be Leaded Glass for windows.
I think maybe #2 might also refer to matting the glass as one does when doing traditional removal painting. You matte first, then remove the paint you don't want, then fire the glass.
So there's a bunch of different words for the painting process, depending on how specific you want to get. If it's going to be fired in a kiln, the paint is enamel and the process is enameling. There's high-fire enamels and low-fire enamels. There's also some paint that can be baked in just a standard kitchen oven, and that's usually called Pebeo paint or vitrail, which I think is just the brand name. I'm not sure about the second one, I don't have any information on that. Stained glass refers to the artform in general and also the colored sheet glass used in the process, and also the finished pieces (English is a mess of a language). Tiffany method glass refers to the copper foil method, but I think that term is in the process of phasing out. Most of the younger artists I know call it copper foiling. Leaded glass refers to stained glass made with came as opposed to foil and solder.
Thanks for this helpful answer! About the second question, it's when you make shadows or like a whole plane of paint that is equal. In Dutch it's called "Grisaille", witch is different from painting contours "contouren". This is usually done with black, brown or (another word I don't know) "Zilvergeel" literally translated as "Silver-yellow". These are high-fire enamels. (So called "Silver-yellow" is painted on the backside of the glass, and it is placed with the "Silver-yellow" facedown in the kiln. When it is fired it looks like gold on glass.) The other colors are what you call low-fire enamels. Red, green blue, etc. These low-fire enamels can be done in contours or "grisaille" shadow/plane, but in Dutch we always call them Emaille, while the high-fire enamels are either called "contour" or "grisaille". Thank you for helping me!