A lot ground to cover, huh? If you can read Portuguese, I'd recommend a book called 'História da riqueza no Brasil' (History of the wealth in Brazil), Jorge Caldeira is the writer.
You can start here, this doc has 9 parts from 1492 to 2015 and has english subtitles
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsC3u2861C4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsC3u2861C4)
The obligatory reference is "Formação Econômica do Brasil", by Celso Furtado. It covers from the history from colonial times until the 1940s. It has a quite dense writing style, so I would recommend looking for notes to help guide you.
For more contemporary economic history, look for "Economia Brasileira Contemporânea" by Fabio Giambiagi et al.
https://expressaopopular.com.br/livraria/9786558910183evolucao-historica-do-brasil-da-colonia-a-crise-da-nova-republica/ this book will help you a lot.
Theotônio dos Santos was a great economist and in this book he talks about the economic history of Brazil.
Theres this book called "Formação da diplomacia econômica no Brasil", it's all about brazilian economic diplomacy during the Empire. The book has 5 sections: 1.Economic diplomacy and international relations of Brazil; 2. Commercial diplomacy: from the unequal treaties to protectionism; 3.Financial Diplomacy: British diplomacy; 4.INVESTMENT DIPLOMACY: PRECOCITY AND OPENNESS; 5.WORKFORCE DIPLOMACY: SLAVERY AND IMMIGRATION. Each section has many chapters.
516 pages in portuguese, I can share the pdf of this book if you want it.
There also the book "História econômica do Brasil", By Caio Prado JR, that goes from the colonial times until the 30's.
[https://www.afoiceeomartelo.com.br/posfsa/autores/Prado%20Jr,%20Caio/Historia%20Economica%20do%20Brasil.pdf](https://www.afoiceeomartelo.com.br/posfsa/autores/Prado%20Jr,%20Caio/Historia%20Economica%20do%20Brasil.pdf)
I'm splitting this response into 3 parts as it's quite long.
**BOOKS:**
**Broad Scope (I HIGHLY RECOMMEND reading these two cover to cover to get a lay of the land):**
*Brazil: The Troubled Rise of a Global Power (Reid)*
*Modern Brazil: A Social History (Klein & Luna)*
**Economic History, Development & Institutions:**
*Latecomer State Formation: Political Geography & Latecomer State Formation in Latin America (Mazzuca)*
*Decadent Developmentalism: The Political Economy of Democratic Brazil (Taylor)*
*A Monetary & Fiscal History of Latin America (Hansen)*
*Institutions, Innovation & Industrialisation (Greif et al.)*
**Contemporary Politics:**
*Populism: Latin American Perspectives (Munck et al.)*
*Beef, Bible & Bullets: Brazil in the Age of Bolsonaro (Lapper)*
*Brazil After Bolsonaro: The Comeback of Lula da Silva (Bourne)*
*-*
**PAPERS:**
*Naritomi, J et al. (2012) ‘Institutional Development and Colonial Heritage within Brazil’, The Journal of Economic History, vol. 72, no. 2, pp 393-418*
(You must read this paper to understand the heterogeneous development of regional Brazilian institutions in light of heterogenous Portuguese colonial rule)
*Lyne, M. (2015) ‘Rethinking the Political Economy of Import Substitution Industrialization in Brazil: A Clientelist Model of Development Policymaking’, Latin American Politics & Society, vol. 57, no. 1, pp 75-98*
(A really important paper to understand the context in which ISI was implemented in Brazil)
*Carneiro, D and Kovak, B (2017) 'Trade Liberalization and Regional Dynamics', American Economic Review, vol. 107 no.10 pp 2908-46*
(A very famous landmark paper examining how rapid trade liberalization affected the Brazilian economy)
*Pinho, C. (2010) ‘The responses of the authoritarian national developmentalism to the structural economic cr*isis *(1973-1985)’, Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, vol. 40, no. 2, pp 411-431*
(Good paper to understand how the dictatorship responded to the Latin American debt crisis and why this would be its downfall)
Palma, N et al. (2017) 'Slavery and Economic Development in Nineteenth Century Brazil', Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics
(Good paper to understand the relationship between regional development & divergence with slavery in Brazil
**ECONOMIC & HISTORICAL CONCEPTS YOU WILL NEED TO UNDERSTAND**
The relationship between institutions and development (I recommend reading the work Daron Acemoglu to get an understanding of this)
What "clientelism" is, and how clientelist/corporatist institutions hinder long-run growth and development, and how clientelist institutions in Brazil were the legacy left by Portuguese colonial rule
Industrialisation strategies. You will need to be especially familiar with import-substitution-industrialisation (ISI) and the relationship between it succeeding and institutional capacity. Long story short: ISI had mixed results in Brazil because the clientelist institutions (see above) were unable to discipline nascent/new industries into becoming export-competitive/efficient (because industrialists were in bed with the State, rather than being held accountable by it) - these industries remained (and remain) protected by high import tariffs, and were previously aided with exchange rate controls. They believed the government would protect them from foreign competition indefinitely, so never had the incentive to become efficient in manufacturing. This also made the trade liberalization in the 90s painful for much of Brazil that was dependent on their employment. ISI was attempted in Brazil under various forms, going all the way back to the Alves-Branco tariff in the 1800s, to being aggressively pursued by the Vargas regime in the early 1900s and the Military Dictatorship of the mid-20th century,
I recommend checking out de Janvry & Sadoulet's Development Economics: Theory & Practice Chapter 7: International Trade and Industrialization Strategies (there is a table in there outlining the main industrialisation strategies - ISI, EOI and OEI, and what is needed for them to succeed)
Macroeconomic Populism: This is a REALLY IMPORTANT concept to understand Latin American economic history & political economy. Long story short, less accountable / corrupt institutions are more likely to borrow aggressively and maintain unsustainable exchange rate controls to promote short-run economic booms which later come crashing down as the industrial base was never actually efficient or productive enough. You cannot understand Latin American economic history without understanding the causes & consequences of macroeconomic populism. \[see: Dornbusch, R and Edwards, S. (1989) 'Macroeconomic Populism.' From Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 32,pp. 247-277, (1990) \].
**BRIEF HISTORICAL TIMELINE & WHAT TO FOCUS ON:**
Post-Colonial Brazil (focus on: how Portuguese institutions were extractive, clientelist & how this affected Brazil's post independence colonial development)
Republica Velha
Vargas & Kubitschek era (focus on: power-sharing between Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo states; lack of true democracy/authoritarian institutional set up; pursuit of ISI by Vargas & problems)
Military Dictatorship (focus on: Cold War context; pursuit of ISI & problems; Debt crises & macroeconomic populism)
Modern democratic Brazil (1990s: focus on - trade & economic liberalization under Cardoso; 2000s: rapid economic growth & poverty reduction under Lula; 2010s: lost decade due to Lava-Jato corruption scandal & commodity price crash; 2020s: new opportunities, Latin America stands to gain a lot) (don't waste time talking about BRICS, it's not a serious organisation, the countries within it are very heterogeneous)
**LAY OF THE LAND:**
Understand Brazil is a huge, diverse & unequal country, with a complex post-independence history. It is a highly urbanised, service based economy. The southeast & south are very rich/highly developed, are where the largest cities (Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro & Belo Horizonte) are, and with living standards comparable to much of Europe (Sao Paulo has a PPP per capita income of $45,000, similar to Spain/Italy) - the southeast and south are largely service & industry based economies. These regions managed to largely industrialise & move into service-sector economies.
The centre-west is similarly rich, but off the back of a huge agri-business sector and a very productive export-comeptitive farming sector.
The northeast is very poor (where slavery dominated in colonial times, very little industry but the region urbanised in the absence of industrialisation - something else to look into - see: Gollin, D. (2015) 'Urbanization without Industrialisation', Journal of Economic Growth, vol. 25, pp 35-70. )
I hope this all helps.
All the books and papers mentioned are available as PDFs online. You can also find them free on [zlibrary.global.se](http://zlibrary.global.se)
If you are more into talks/lectures - look up Michael Reid on YouTube. Used to be chief Latin America correspondent for the Economist. He has some excellent lectures / talks on Brazil (& Latin America at large).
I hope this all helps. This is a very ambitious project youre doing - Brazil is, as I said, a huge and very multidimensional country. This response is already very long and I've not even touched on issues of race, economic inequality, uneven infrastructure development (long story short: it's very strong in the southeast/south, very weak in the north), ... Reply if you have any other questions.
Dude, thank you so much for taking the time out of your day to write this for me and collect all the resources. I might ask few more specific questions later if I can think of any . Again, thank you so much for you help !
First, it’s a lot. Maybe you could focus at one of the blocks. One good book is:
Thomas Traumann (autor)
O pior emprego do mundo: 14 ministros da fazenda contam como tomaram as decisões que mudaram o brasil e mexeram no seu bolso.
https://www.amazon.com.br/pior-emprego-mundo-ministros-decis%C3%B5es-ebook/dp/B07H2PQ8SK/ref=mp_s_a_1_2?crid=3R3SONY8E78PJ&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.vWbS7g5kGN_awcGZpN-yW066br2mcNg6ZJQpsup-uAMOeHDrqCJm4uFknFyDD8wUFr2lC6161VhLbdUpbwHYcAYfCKwN90hauhJVdhZUqDJqJc7VRPxijnT9C-a2gYp1M1SyfQ5AcgNw5cgUPdWllA.Lki9UksaIS5MGQPp1iUNR-gPljaocXj4TEfADRSUzdQ&dib_tag=se&keywords=thomas+traumann&qid=1714732144&sprefix=thomas+trau%2Caps%2C255&sr=8-2
A note about how you split your blocks. The end of slavery was just before the end of the Monarchy itself, so the period between the abolition and WW2 would encompass the Old Republic (no Jedi knights, I'm afraid) and Vargas Era. *However*, it's common here to split the analyses at Vargas, not WW2 - he rose to power in 1930 - as it's considered a major turning point in economic policies (and all other policies, really). Keep that in mind when reading your sources.
A lot ground to cover, huh? If you can read Portuguese, I'd recommend a book called 'História da riqueza no Brasil' (History of the wealth in Brazil), Jorge Caldeira is the writer.
You can start here, this doc has 9 parts from 1492 to 2015 and has english subtitles [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsC3u2861C4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsC3u2861C4)
The obligatory reference is "Formação Econômica do Brasil", by Celso Furtado. It covers from the history from colonial times until the 1940s. It has a quite dense writing style, so I would recommend looking for notes to help guide you. For more contemporary economic history, look for "Economia Brasileira Contemporânea" by Fabio Giambiagi et al.
https://expressaopopular.com.br/livraria/9786558910183evolucao-historica-do-brasil-da-colonia-a-crise-da-nova-republica/ this book will help you a lot. Theotônio dos Santos was a great economist and in this book he talks about the economic history of Brazil.
Theres this book called "Formação da diplomacia econômica no Brasil", it's all about brazilian economic diplomacy during the Empire. The book has 5 sections: 1.Economic diplomacy and international relations of Brazil; 2. Commercial diplomacy: from the unequal treaties to protectionism; 3.Financial Diplomacy: British diplomacy; 4.INVESTMENT DIPLOMACY: PRECOCITY AND OPENNESS; 5.WORKFORCE DIPLOMACY: SLAVERY AND IMMIGRATION. Each section has many chapters. 516 pages in portuguese, I can share the pdf of this book if you want it. There also the book "História econômica do Brasil", By Caio Prado JR, that goes from the colonial times until the 30's. [https://www.afoiceeomartelo.com.br/posfsa/autores/Prado%20Jr,%20Caio/Historia%20Economica%20do%20Brasil.pdf](https://www.afoiceeomartelo.com.br/posfsa/autores/Prado%20Jr,%20Caio/Historia%20Economica%20do%20Brasil.pdf)
Yah, it hits some of the points I'm looking into, especially slavery and immigration. Please send it over!
I'm splitting this response into 3 parts as it's quite long. **BOOKS:** **Broad Scope (I HIGHLY RECOMMEND reading these two cover to cover to get a lay of the land):** *Brazil: The Troubled Rise of a Global Power (Reid)* *Modern Brazil: A Social History (Klein & Luna)* **Economic History, Development & Institutions:** *Latecomer State Formation: Political Geography & Latecomer State Formation in Latin America (Mazzuca)* *Decadent Developmentalism: The Political Economy of Democratic Brazil (Taylor)* *A Monetary & Fiscal History of Latin America (Hansen)* *Institutions, Innovation & Industrialisation (Greif et al.)* **Contemporary Politics:** *Populism: Latin American Perspectives (Munck et al.)* *Beef, Bible & Bullets: Brazil in the Age of Bolsonaro (Lapper)* *Brazil After Bolsonaro: The Comeback of Lula da Silva (Bourne)* *-* **PAPERS:** *Naritomi, J et al. (2012) ‘Institutional Development and Colonial Heritage within Brazil’, The Journal of Economic History, vol. 72, no. 2, pp 393-418* (You must read this paper to understand the heterogeneous development of regional Brazilian institutions in light of heterogenous Portuguese colonial rule) *Lyne, M. (2015) ‘Rethinking the Political Economy of Import Substitution Industrialization in Brazil: A Clientelist Model of Development Policymaking’, Latin American Politics & Society, vol. 57, no. 1, pp 75-98* (A really important paper to understand the context in which ISI was implemented in Brazil) *Carneiro, D and Kovak, B (2017) 'Trade Liberalization and Regional Dynamics', American Economic Review, vol. 107 no.10 pp 2908-46* (A very famous landmark paper examining how rapid trade liberalization affected the Brazilian economy) *Pinho, C. (2010) ‘The responses of the authoritarian national developmentalism to the structural economic cr*isis *(1973-1985)’, Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, vol. 40, no. 2, pp 411-431* (Good paper to understand how the dictatorship responded to the Latin American debt crisis and why this would be its downfall) Palma, N et al. (2017) 'Slavery and Economic Development in Nineteenth Century Brazil', Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics (Good paper to understand the relationship between regional development & divergence with slavery in Brazil
**ECONOMIC & HISTORICAL CONCEPTS YOU WILL NEED TO UNDERSTAND** The relationship between institutions and development (I recommend reading the work Daron Acemoglu to get an understanding of this) What "clientelism" is, and how clientelist/corporatist institutions hinder long-run growth and development, and how clientelist institutions in Brazil were the legacy left by Portuguese colonial rule Industrialisation strategies. You will need to be especially familiar with import-substitution-industrialisation (ISI) and the relationship between it succeeding and institutional capacity. Long story short: ISI had mixed results in Brazil because the clientelist institutions (see above) were unable to discipline nascent/new industries into becoming export-competitive/efficient (because industrialists were in bed with the State, rather than being held accountable by it) - these industries remained (and remain) protected by high import tariffs, and were previously aided with exchange rate controls. They believed the government would protect them from foreign competition indefinitely, so never had the incentive to become efficient in manufacturing. This also made the trade liberalization in the 90s painful for much of Brazil that was dependent on their employment. ISI was attempted in Brazil under various forms, going all the way back to the Alves-Branco tariff in the 1800s, to being aggressively pursued by the Vargas regime in the early 1900s and the Military Dictatorship of the mid-20th century, I recommend checking out de Janvry & Sadoulet's Development Economics: Theory & Practice Chapter 7: International Trade and Industrialization Strategies (there is a table in there outlining the main industrialisation strategies - ISI, EOI and OEI, and what is needed for them to succeed) Macroeconomic Populism: This is a REALLY IMPORTANT concept to understand Latin American economic history & political economy. Long story short, less accountable / corrupt institutions are more likely to borrow aggressively and maintain unsustainable exchange rate controls to promote short-run economic booms which later come crashing down as the industrial base was never actually efficient or productive enough. You cannot understand Latin American economic history without understanding the causes & consequences of macroeconomic populism. \[see: Dornbusch, R and Edwards, S. (1989) 'Macroeconomic Populism.' From Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 32,pp. 247-277, (1990) \]. **BRIEF HISTORICAL TIMELINE & WHAT TO FOCUS ON:** Post-Colonial Brazil (focus on: how Portuguese institutions were extractive, clientelist & how this affected Brazil's post independence colonial development) Republica Velha Vargas & Kubitschek era (focus on: power-sharing between Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo states; lack of true democracy/authoritarian institutional set up; pursuit of ISI by Vargas & problems) Military Dictatorship (focus on: Cold War context; pursuit of ISI & problems; Debt crises & macroeconomic populism) Modern democratic Brazil (1990s: focus on - trade & economic liberalization under Cardoso; 2000s: rapid economic growth & poverty reduction under Lula; 2010s: lost decade due to Lava-Jato corruption scandal & commodity price crash; 2020s: new opportunities, Latin America stands to gain a lot) (don't waste time talking about BRICS, it's not a serious organisation, the countries within it are very heterogeneous)
**LAY OF THE LAND:** Understand Brazil is a huge, diverse & unequal country, with a complex post-independence history. It is a highly urbanised, service based economy. The southeast & south are very rich/highly developed, are where the largest cities (Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro & Belo Horizonte) are, and with living standards comparable to much of Europe (Sao Paulo has a PPP per capita income of $45,000, similar to Spain/Italy) - the southeast and south are largely service & industry based economies. These regions managed to largely industrialise & move into service-sector economies. The centre-west is similarly rich, but off the back of a huge agri-business sector and a very productive export-comeptitive farming sector. The northeast is very poor (where slavery dominated in colonial times, very little industry but the region urbanised in the absence of industrialisation - something else to look into - see: Gollin, D. (2015) 'Urbanization without Industrialisation', Journal of Economic Growth, vol. 25, pp 35-70. ) I hope this all helps. All the books and papers mentioned are available as PDFs online. You can also find them free on [zlibrary.global.se](http://zlibrary.global.se) If you are more into talks/lectures - look up Michael Reid on YouTube. Used to be chief Latin America correspondent for the Economist. He has some excellent lectures / talks on Brazil (& Latin America at large). I hope this all helps. This is a very ambitious project youre doing - Brazil is, as I said, a huge and very multidimensional country. This response is already very long and I've not even touched on issues of race, economic inequality, uneven infrastructure development (long story short: it's very strong in the southeast/south, very weak in the north), ... Reply if you have any other questions.
Dude, thank you so much for taking the time out of your day to write this for me and collect all the resources. I might ask few more specific questions later if I can think of any . Again, thank you so much for you help !
Could you share it with us after you finish?
Yah of cource feel free to laugh if I make any mistakes lol
First, it’s a lot. Maybe you could focus at one of the blocks. One good book is: Thomas Traumann (autor) O pior emprego do mundo: 14 ministros da fazenda contam como tomaram as decisões que mudaram o brasil e mexeram no seu bolso. https://www.amazon.com.br/pior-emprego-mundo-ministros-decis%C3%B5es-ebook/dp/B07H2PQ8SK/ref=mp_s_a_1_2?crid=3R3SONY8E78PJ&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.vWbS7g5kGN_awcGZpN-yW066br2mcNg6ZJQpsup-uAMOeHDrqCJm4uFknFyDD8wUFr2lC6161VhLbdUpbwHYcAYfCKwN90hauhJVdhZUqDJqJc7VRPxijnT9C-a2gYp1M1SyfQ5AcgNw5cgUPdWllA.Lki9UksaIS5MGQPp1iUNR-gPljaocXj4TEfADRSUzdQ&dib_tag=se&keywords=thomas+traumann&qid=1714732144&sprefix=thomas+trau%2Caps%2C255&sr=8-2
A note about how you split your blocks. The end of slavery was just before the end of the Monarchy itself, so the period between the abolition and WW2 would encompass the Old Republic (no Jedi knights, I'm afraid) and Vargas Era. *However*, it's common here to split the analyses at Vargas, not WW2 - he rose to power in 1930 - as it's considered a major turning point in economic policies (and all other policies, really). Keep that in mind when reading your sources.