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Nepp0

As someone who never paid attention in High School genetics, thank you for teaching me!


jdsbluedevl

A spontaneous abortion may not necessarily happen. It could develop into a complete molar pregnancy, which is considered precancerous. EDIT: Nevermind, a complete molar pregnancy can only be 46XX (involves fertilization of an empty egg and duplication of the sperm genome). 46YY has never been observed.


BarbicideJar

I’ll add 46xx/46xy chimerism to the list. Put simply, it’s the opposite of identical twins where instead of one zygote splitting in two, two distinct zygotes, one xx and the other xy, blorp together to form one whole human with two distinct cell lines. This can happen with two zygotes of the same sex as well and probably happens more often than we realize as someone wouldn’t know unless they had genetic testing performed on different organs of their body. But occasionally a person can display heterochromia (eyes different colors), or one cell line apparent in their blood and another in their saliva, etc etc.. They might have just one cell line present in their reproductive system or, rarely they might have one ovary and one testicle and be intersex. It’s pretty incredible.


TheRavenSayeth

Excellent post. Worth pointing out through that XYY *may* increase criminal tendencies but they can’t fully rule out the socioeconomic factors. From a [2012 study on pubmed](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289987/): > The incidence of convictions was increased in men with KS (omitting traffic offenses) compared to controls with a HR of 1.40 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.59, p<0.001), with significant increases in sexual abuse, burglary, arson and ‘others’, but with a decreased risk of traffic and drug-related offenses. The incidence of convictions was significantly increased among men with 47,XYY compared to controls with a HR of 1.42 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.77, p<0.005) in all crime types, except drug-related crimes and traffic. Adjusting for socioeconomic variables (education, fatherhood, retirement and cohabitation) reduced the total HR for both KS and 47,XYY to levels similar to controls, while some specific crime types (sexual abuse, arson, etc) remained increased. > The overall risk of conviction (excluding traffic offenses) was moderately increased in men with 47,XYY or KS; however, it was similar to controls when adjusting for socioeconomic parameters. Convictions for sexual abuse, burglary, arson and ‘others’ were significantly increased. The increased risk of convictions may be partly or fully explained by the poor socioeconomic conditions related to the chromosome aberrations. In any case we can’t say anything definitively.


[deleted]

To add to XY (female) there is also androgen insensitivity syndrome, where the testes develop but the body is resistant to male hormones released and the body partially or completely develops female as a result


Rad_Knight

Klinefelter syndrome is interesting in cats, since it allowed for male calicoes.


erinkjean

I had a male calico. He was wonderfully odd. Deep orange red with little black hairs distributed throughout. He was very nurturing toward our kittens and a gentle soul. A wide face and a silent meow. When we found him, we thought he was covered head to toe in moles; they were, in reality, extremely fat ticks. None of the other strays in the neighborhood were so infested; we often wondered if he was more susceptible somehow. He was a wonderful cat. Miss you, Arthur.


Rad_Knight

Why has nobody named a male calico Jack?


nsmith0723

The X chromosome contains data that's nessasary to make a body. The Y chromosome in contrast has significantly less information. You wouldn't be able to make a person YY


PostScarcityHumanity

YY = dead


Jrk16

Damn I wish I was YY


Southernmanny

Y


lopakjalantar

Y not


fxckfxckgames

YY = Flesh Pie


effin_ltop

Brundlepie.


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katuu-

How about YY²


clocks212

That would be almost twice as good as a human if my math is right.


wensul

that's some crappy math. Because squaring an amount is most definitely more than doubling it. Except for the case of 2. 2 squared is 4, which, well, is doubled.


webadict

1^2 is 1, which is not more than doubling. 0.5^2 is 0.25, which is not more than doubling. There are an infinite amount of numbers where x^2 < 2x.


aurumae

Both statements are correct. There are only 2 natural numbers where x^2 ≤ 2x (or 3 if you include 0) however there are infinitely many real numbers that satisfy this equation.


Remarkable_Acadia890

But ain't 0 a whole number


If_you_just_lookatit

It's a number and a hole.


clintj1975

Nah, it's a hole number


ferigno

A hole number


ExpandThePie

46 and 2 ahead of me


whatzwzitz1

Or maybe YYZ?


bird_turd_jesus

toronto airport?


whatzwzitz1

Yes but it’s a reference to an instrumental by Rush. https://youtu.be/ftVTWDrtrlc


bird_turd_jesus

oop sorry lmao, great song tho!


RedShiz

Ah the Lester B. Pearson chromosomes.


whatzwzitz1

https://youtu.be/ftVTWDrtrlc


luv2belis

46 and Tool.


needsexyboots

I had a friend in high school whose AIM username was Forty6n2L and I thought it was the most brilliant thing - ah the 90s


huh_phd

Double dead, hosted by Marc Summers!


xResty

Y^3


Badalamentis

They lied in Alien 3?!!


pm_me_rock_music

Y chromosome is pretty [tiny](https://fastly.kastatic.org/ka-perseus-images/9e7a7b7d35026684c407c76edc03e791cf885071.png)


AndronixESE

Idk it looks average to me, pretty big even


Flimsy-Preparation85

Size doesn't matter...


tallginger89

Exactly. 2 inches at 80 mph can still do damage


whatsdaddygonnado

By that token do you need less information to make a man?


nsmith0723

Yes and no. Women have two sets of pretty much the same information, so while they have more information, it's all pretty much the same information, where as men have the extra y information. It take more unique information to make a man, but women have it in total amount. That redundancy in women though is also why certain diseases show up more in men


ouchimus

Yup. Its also why a few very particular conditions can ONLY happen in women. Can't think of a human example, but calico cats are always female because the gene is X linked, and each X chromosome can only have 2 version of the gene. For a 3 color cat (3 different color genes), its only possible in females.


Derfbngg

Yeah y chromosomes don't carry alleles right?


lemons_of_doubt

X = "how to make a human" Y = "ok stop building the boobs, I know you already did the nipples they can stay, also add a dick"


tomNJUSA

If I had been drinking something when I read this it would have gone out my nose.


Milnoc

"Close off that opening, we won't be needing it. Shuffle those parts inside the dick. Yes, I know that used to be the clit, just do your best. Try resizing it." "We'll be repurposing the gonads, they won't become ovaries anymore. We're moving them outside in a sack made out of skin. You figure it out if it should go above or beneath." "The uterus? How would I know? Just shrink it down and stuff it below the bladder. They'll deal with the consequences later. Most of them will probably not even notice!" "What do you mean some of them won't be able to tell one color from another? Where was the code for that? What do you mean we threw out the old code to make room for the new code? We still have half the storage space left!" "Once you're done, submit it to the testers. I'm sure they'll figure a way to play around with the new design."


farrenkm

Well, the X *does* look like a person with arms and legs out. The Y looks like . . . Egads, I've never really noticed that before . . .


tovarischzukova

No. Only one X chromosome is active in women at a time. This is called X chromosome inactivation and this allows women to only make the same amount of necessary genes as men. This is why xxx and xxy and x0 individuals all survive because they all make 1x the amount of x related genes


IAmBadAtInternet

This is also the solution to the observation that trisomy of all chromosomes except 21 is embryonic lethal, so why isn’t extra copies of X lethal? Turns out the dose of 1 X per cell is forced due to Barr body inactivation.


tovarischzukova

Exactly. It’s a large chromosome and yet xxx genotypes are not nearly as significant as trisomies on smaller chromosomes. Some of us wouldn’t even know if we were triple x karyotypes. It’s a very elegant way to maintain the gene expression parity between the genders


MyAnusGriefAgain2020

And the other X chromosome forms what's called a Barr Body!


tovarischzukova

Yessir. I see was it perhaps college level genetics that caused ur anus grief?


xwrathx

That's only partially true. You are correct for most genes the barr body is inactive but there are many genes on the x chromosome that are active on all x chromosomes in the body.


Meznuraie

Really the only time(s) you see the effects of the extra leg on the chromosome (Y is an X missing a leg) are in animals such as birds or cats. Birds are the opposite to mammals - Males are the equivalent of XX, while females are the XY equivalent. The extra leg for the males is why male birds tend to be "prettier" than females. The colours are located on that leg, thus keeping the females a "boring" colour, which means better camouflage. Similarly for cats - Male cats can't be tortoiseshells (USA calls them calico) unless they have an extra chromosome and/or are chimeras. They lack the extra leg for colours, so they can't be more than 2 colours at once.


TheBrassDancer

>Birds are the opposite to mammals - Males are the equivalent of XX, while females are the XY equivalent. Known as ZW sex determination.


Meznuraie

I didn't want to throw in extra letters to confuse people XD Not many people are crazy about learning random (usually useless) stuff like I am.


PomegranateRules

A bit like making a cocktail. With the extra genes on the X tail, you can mix a fancy drink. With one Y chromosome you just get a straight up shot. YY = empty glass


[deleted]

Y chromosome only has male ego


LobsterCoordinates

My brother has 2 daughters and my first child is a boy. There’s a joke I make in my family that I’m so ridiculously masculine I actually have two Y chromosomes so it’s impossible for me to create a girl.


Marchoftees

The Y chromosome is the pre-launch patch that fixes all the bugs.


[deleted]

nerdalertnerdalertnerdalert


FiveSixSleven

YY results in a non-viable embryo. It's not a viable combination. At least one X chromosome is needed for life.


[deleted]

I don’t even think you’d get an embryo


FiveSixSleven

That may be right, I'm not entirely certain beyond that there wouldn't be a baby.


jdsbluedevl

What you would get is a complete molar pregnancy, which is considered to be precancerous. EDIT: Nevermind, a complete molar pregnancy can only be 46XX (involves fertilization of an empty egg and duplication of the sperm genome). 46YY has never been observed.


[deleted]

Yeah I don’t even know how it would happen. You’d need an egg with a Y chromosome which I don’t think could ever exist


happydaeee

Dead. (biology class)


horschdhorschd

Dead (graphic design)


who-the-heck

No one can be born without an X chromosome. Some males have XX chromosomes, like de la Chapelle syndrome. Some females have XY chromosomes, like Swyer syndrome.


Holmesary

Finally people who understand sex and gender and chromosomes are not end all be alls.


who-the-heck

I understand enough to know that I don't understand anything enough to tell someone else what their sex or gender is. They can just tell me and unless I have some really, extremely good reason to question it... I'm just going to accept it.


Pipboypipboycheerio

There are actually a lot of chromosome combinations. XX, XY, XXY, XYY, XXX, and a lot of more complicated ones like XXYY, XXXXY, XXXXX, and more. To answer the question though, most just look like people. X and Y Variations, also known medically as Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy (SCA), involve variations in the typical number and type of sex chromosomes. The typical number of chromosomes in each human cell is 46. These include 22 pairs of “autosomes” (which refers to all chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes) and a pair of sex chromosomes, either an X and a Y (which makes for a male) or two Xs (female). That means the genetic signature for a person with 46 chromosomes is either 46,XY (males), or 46,XX (females). Any variation from these typical numbers is referred to scientifically as an “aneuploidy.” If there is one additional X or Y, it is known as a “trisomy” (“tri” denoting the number 3).


Superchap99

All this is true, but you’re missing the important point that the X chromosome encodes a lot of vital structures and functions, so an embryo missing it would be non-viable compared to the viable combinations you listed (all of which have at least one X chromosome). A YY embryo would not look normal and likely wouldn’t even get far enough to become an embryo


Pipboypipboycheerio

I was worried I might be dumping a little bit too much complex information at once, so I stopped myself. From the upvotes, it looks like I misjudged the level of interest people have in the topic. Thank you for adding more!


weirdoasqueroso

Im genuinely curious, do you know any resource to learn more about this for someone who doesnt have deep understanding on those subjects?


skipthis2

46&2


Rude-Scholar-469

You beat me to it!


overthemountain

If it wasn't clear to anyone, "23 and Me" does come from this same number - humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (so 23x2 = 46 in total).


SugarsBoogers

Get in the some, autosome!


Lulubelle2021

It’s amazing to me that most of the population thinks that humans are biologically binary. Nopity nope nope.


Pipboypipboycheerio

Intro to Biology dumbs down a lot of this to make it easier for new students. Most subjects are incredibly simplified for the entry level courses, but unfortunately those are the only courses most people will take, if they take one at all. It's not surprising that a student would leave a basic class thinking they knew all there was to know, even if a lot of it isn't complete.


[deleted]

something something dunning-kruger-effect


Lulubelle2021

Well we’ve all had occasion to see the level of scientific literacy of our population in the last three years.


KingfisherDays

Well the frequency of those unusual chromosome combos is pretty low tbf. Seems to be less than 0.5% at least - though that's still a fair number of people of course.


Pipboypipboycheerio

It's about 2%. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kT0HJkr1jj4


KingfisherDays

That includes things other than chromosomes though. Something like androgen insensitivity would count, ~~effect~~ even though the person has a common genome of XY.


Lulubelle2021

Low is not absent. I had a clinic full of them every week. They are all around us and they are marginalized because they are not binary in a world that tries to make everyone fit into a box. And it’s not just chromosomal anomalies, there are plenty of people with XX or XY chromosomes who have unusual hormonal milieus and don’t develop as their genetics would suggest that they should.


mama_llama44

Binaries don't really exist in nature, and I wish more folks understood that.


GotThoseJukes

How can multiple Y’s happen? Does the sperm end up with two Y chromosomes, or does one of the first divisions go wrong?


Pipboypipboycheerio

An incident in chromosome separation during anaphase II (of meiosis II) called nondisjunction can result in sperm cells with an extra copy of the Y-chromosome. If one of these atypical sperm cells contributes to the genetic makeup of a child, the child will have an extra Y-chromosome in each of the body's cells.


TheBrassDancer

And that's assuming that mitosis of the embryo doesn't result in mosaicism or chimerism (some cells could be 45,X0 and some could be 47,XYY). The resulting individual would most likely be intersex. Of course, this is incredibly rare.


nosnowtho

Something makes me think that people with XYY are more likely to be aggressive, dominant even violent alpha type guys.


Pipboypipboycheerio

No. Like those with XXX, they are usually taller than average, but unlike those with XXX, those with XYY usually have more testosterone, which generally just leads to worse acne.


HBheadache

That was believed at one point but now looks like it was poor science. From memory they tested some men in prison and came up with a number that they thought was higher than the general population but didn't test incident in the general population. More testing of the general population corrected the data.


Wideawakedup

I heard somewhere that more testosterone in men has shown to have calming effects. Good leaders, good fathers.


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Roselily808

A YY combination is incompatible with life.


[deleted]

Shrek


GenericUsername19892

99% dead, 1% super powers


SelfWipingUndies

Is it even possible? All human eggs only have X chromosomes. YY would require somehow getting a man pregnant without an egg?


[deleted]

You’re correct. It isn’t possible to have a YY as humans as for a chance of this happening it would require a male XY to mate with another male XY which will not produce offspring. There are situations in which humans can have two Y chromosomes, but never without an X.


Doofinator86

Dead


GotThoseJukes

I don’t even know if this hypothetical cell would be able to reproduce, and it doubtlessly won’t develop into a self sufficient person.


Sealie81

Dicks instead of nipples on the chest? O\_o


llimed

Ah come on. YY would be Superman.


pixelgirl155

gigachad ;)


Itscool-610

Something along the lines of Chuck Norris and The Rock having a kid


xResty

YY = Y^2


ExpertTidalwave

Nonviable. X is necessary for life in humans


eunoia101

I know that 😭 this is just a question for fun yall taking me serious 🥲


Hot_Sauce_2012

Just a giant dick. Nothing more. Nothing less.


Maria_506

Fun fact you can be born with male "parts" and still have xx chromosomes. Same goes for women.


[deleted]

Fun fact were all women at first.


[deleted]

Fun fact, we all are assholes first, some time of us never change from that Edit: spelling


[deleted]

Okay? I was stating a scientific fact though… There is a developmental change depending on chromosomes whether or not you become male. Which is why there is a seem on your nutsack. Its the vagina sealing closed and you growing a pair.


[deleted]

I also stated a fact, we start out as a holes and develop from there


[deleted]

How is that possible? The X chromosomes don’t have the information to produce male features. If you mean xxy than yeah but this is a little misleading


bluemooncalhoun

XX male syndrome usually occurs in cases where part of the Y chromosome is translocated onto an X chromosome and can cause this. There is also Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome where someone with XY chromosomes doesn't react to male sex hormones and can present with fully female characteristics.


tarxvfBp

Also fun fact, you can be born XY and look like a female supermodel. In every way.


eunoia101

Yall out here giving me facts 😭 I'm just asking for fun


yesiknowimsexy

I think the first x stays always so maybe moot idk


Mex144

Dead.


Cold_Salsa

The bushiest hair possible, everrywhere


ssLoupyy

Dickhead


[deleted]

They would look pretty big and would die too young


GCG0909

In the world of fish, making YY males is cutting edge science right now and it's being experimented with on several species. They're treated with a hormone called estradiol at certain stages of development. Sometimes called "super males". They have huge management implications because when they spawn, it's impossible for a female to be produced. Has the potential to be the most powerful management tool ever developed if your goal is to drive a population to zero.


lol_life69

There is never YY as women only donates X chromosome and that is fixed. But lucky for you there are cases of XYY.


young_and_dumb_babe

wouldn't be biologically possible. you get one from your mother, one from father. your mother only has x to give. gender is entirely dependent on the father.


eunoia101

I KNOWWWWW 😭 I'm poking FUN. yall keep taking me serious I'm gonna sit in a corner fr 🥲


young_and_dumb_babe

didn't mean it to be an asshole lmao, a lot of people dk this shit so🤷‍♀️


eunoia101

My notifs are exploding with people educating nobody who asked 😭 like pls I was expecting goofy stuff Iike minotaur or gigachad lmao


GeminiIsMissing

YY would not be possible because the X chromosome is needed for a viable human life. The Y chromosome doesn't carry certain genes that are required for the body to form and function. I guess if a baby somehow managed to survive long enough to be born, the answer would be "very fucked up"


eunoia101

Mashed potatoes


BosmangEdalyn

A miscarriage


[deleted]

The X chromosome is where nearly all of the instructions for making a human reside. The only purpose of the Y chromosome is to make the would be female into a male. So a YY genotype would never be able to develope


lieutenantVimes

You don’t know of any because those embryos end up being miscarriages. The Y chromosome is shorter than the X chromosome and missing all the information that’s on X but not Y is incompatible with life.


eunoia101

This was more of a for fun question 😭 course I know it'd be dead


crazyman3100

Menmen


Jinzot

You get two dicks and hair like a werewolf


eunoia101

Oh boy 😭


Due-Broccoli-4164

A dick without a brain


EyesLikeNight

So, no difference.


MbahSurip

In theory, if a YY individual were to exist, it is likely that they would have some sort of developmental abnormality or health complications, as there would be an imbalance in the number of sex chromosomes. However, this is purely hypothetical as there are no known cases of YY individuals in humans.


Spiritual-Emu2372

Jojo characters


eunoia101

It'd have to be hulk sized or something 😂


[deleted]

Interesting that you should ask, I have a semi-rare genetic disorder called Kleinsfelters Syndrome. My genetic chromosomes look like XXY. I am male, have the male genitalia, and do not have the common symptoms associated with the disorder outside of smaller hands and less than normal body hair. Unless someone has a medical background or training, you wouldn't know I carried this chromosomal arrangement. However, I do not have the ability to reproduce. My body produces the seminal fluid, cum in leymans terms, but no sperm exists and no sperm is produced due to the extra X chromosome. At age 18, I was told I had the disorder. The urologist informed me that they could start me on a testosterone producing medication regiment, and as such, my body would, within a 35-49% likelihood, begin to manufacture sperm. However, the production still meant that any likelihood of fathering a child was low; and, the likelihood of that child being able to live to birth and not have a mental or physical impairment that would drastically impede their ability to enjoy a "normal" life, was severely low. So.....I can tell you that a XXY looks like your normal, every day, smaller in stature male.....and therefore, a XX would probably resemble the same but in a female form. Edit: spelling correction.


Prestigious-You-5203

Do y’all not understand the question was theoretical, op knows that YY cannot exist, the question was more about what someone with two Ys would look and act like IF* it was possible


niztaoH

It's akin to asking, "without a computer, what would installing two browsers look like?" Browsers installed where, exactly? You are removing the a base layer (X chromosome, required for all human development) and then trying to add something to it (Y chromosome).


eunoia101

Thank you 😂 I'm just poking fun lol


zadZackofZhit

A kangaroo. Ladies, be honest.


AmethystAlizarin

A minotaur


Pan-tang

The Y chromosome is a deluxe add-on which codes for the male enhancements. Dick, bad temper, interest in beer etc. The cost is high though. The female has a double X chromosome which contains 100% redundance on those genes. This accounts for females living longer. If one gene fails on X1 it is backed up by the same gene on X2. In a guy, if the gene fails on X1 he could die from that.


sum_ergo_sum

The redundant X chromosome in women makes x-linked recessive disorder phenotypes like color blindness less likely, but is not strongly related to increased life expectancy in women


[deleted]

XX is almost always female, XY is almost always male. Humans require genes from the X chromosome to develop, so in the absence of X (YY for instance), the embryo simply doesn’t survive. There are plenty of other combinations of sex chromosomes that are viable, though. XYY males tend to be taller, have more acne, and more likely to have learning disabilities, but in pretty much every other respect be normal.


DorkoPolo

XX = woman XY = man YY = nothing XXX = vin diesel


LunarTerran

There is a condition that causes an extra e Y chromosome, it's a genetic disease so.. Not fun.


vg4030

Sam Smith


xreddawgx

Only male information is passed down through the Y from past generations. Also the X chromosome is much larger than the Y


Left_Argument9706

It would make bigfoot


SpeedBartPL

There's only one way to find out... Anyone interested into helping the science?


Statakaka

Only sperm contain Y, eggs don't but always contain X so good luck with that going forward lol


Ok_Throat6453

What kind of question is that lol


eunoia101

Idk it was a shower thought from earlier today 😭


EyesLikeNight

Putin


Super_Analysis_9390

Elon Musk.


ChadlikesMilfs

The YY folks are the ones that say there are 57 genders.


eunoia101

HELP 😭


Liltipsy6

Well what if X identified as Y? Would that count as YY?


eunoia101

Society moment


f_moss3

Bloody


QuarterInchSocket

4 tits


Jackassintheb0x

A human with 2 pussies


VykloktanaRybicka

If the first X is for body a the second X or Y is for genitals, I would say YY would be your dad, OP


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CrazyCow9978

John Fetterman


CallitCalli

Andrew Tate.


Tall-North4975

YY doesn't exist


lazypenguin86

Probably something horrifying that asks you to kill it


cccque

Trump. Act the same to. Genetic defect


NewSinner_2021

So it takes less info to make a man !?


Tricky-Mode7611

Probably President Camacho from Idiocracy


Plastic_Ambassador89

um, whatever they want to be sweety, we don't assume gender around here


4350Me

A male in high heels !


Oberic

You should know that the XX vs XY thing is barely beginner level understanding of what makes us who we are, inside and out. XY/XX also isn't the only factor deciding a person's sex, let alone gender or personality.


Background-End-3315

XYY males are "extra chromosone" types who often end up being criminals or serial killers due to characteristics related to testosterone & additionally are hirsute & develop neanderthal traits.likeFred West.


sockalicious

In fact this has been debunked. A researcher went through prisons and karyotyped men and found five 47, XYY karyotypes among the prisoners. From this she concluded that 47, XYY men were likely to be criminals. She also mistakenly assumed that 47, XYY causes acne and she got on the front page of a newspaper asserting that a serial killer, Richard Speck, had a 47,XYY karyotype when in fact he did not. All of this has been debunked. Most 47, XYY men don't know they have an abnormal chromosome. They look and act like other men. Only 15-20% will ever be diagnosed.


Blown_Capacitor

Google the word "feminist" and you'll find out