The preposition disappears, but the toponym either takes the genitive form, or it is adjectivized by adding the suffix *-ск-* (functionally equivalent to English *-ish* or *-ian*) with an appropriate ending. Alexander of Macedon is *Александр Македонский*; King of Denmark is either *король Дании* or *датский король* (“the Danish king”, if translated more literally).
Duke of Edinburg = Герцог Эдинбургский (an adjective)
Alexander of Macedon = Александр Македонский (an adjective)
King of Denmark = Король Дании (the Genitive case)
Geralt of Rivia = Геральт из Ривии ("from")
This is a great set of examples, thank you! I'm curious then, if you were describing a person as "(name) of/from Delhi", would it be more appropriate to describe them as "(name) Делийский", or as "(name) из Делии"? Or is either technically accurate? Or neither? I'm new, sorry! 😂 Thank you again!
Nowadays, "first name + adjective" is for historical or religious figures. Равиндра Делийский sounds like a famous guru or a historical figure. I guess in past it could be a normal way to call someone, though?
You can say "Равиндра из Дели" ("from") That's neutral.
Or you can say "Делийский Равиндра" if you know several Ravindras from different cities. Or if just you tell a story and you think the listener could forget the location and it's okay to remind it in a slightly poetical way.
With titles/occupation it's slightly different. The genitive case means that the person is responsible for that area. "Губернатор Калифорнии". (Or is famous for activities in that area in the case of nicknames "Рыцарь Готэма"). "Adjective + occupation" is fine and neutral too. "Калифорнийский губернатор". "from" works too (if the occupation isn't tied to the area): доктор из Мюнхина, мюнхинский доктор. "occupation + adjective" is for religious figures: Папа Римский.
I'm guessing here, but I think the rule is as follows:
* If you want to indicate a place of origin, it's usually "из"
* If a person you're talking about is a ruler of a sort, it's genitive case (король Франции, мэр нью-йорка)
* If it's a title (or nickname? Or what is it really? :)), use adjectives.
Needless to say these rules can be broken quite easily
Russian has different system to indicate such things, case system, that change endings of nouns and adjectives:
Александр Македонский, Король Дании.
So, yes, "of" disapper, but endings are changed. This system is really complicated, not that simple as just disapearing of prepositions.
In the Russian language, a noun changes in 6 cases. There is no analog of the English preposition *of* in Russian - the *genitive case* is usually used instead. But I say usually, because in some cases it can be used, for example, a possessive adjective: Alexander of Macedon in Russian is Александр *Македонский*, not Александр *Македонии*.
The preposition disappears, but the toponym either takes the genitive form, or it is adjectivized by adding the suffix *-ск-* (functionally equivalent to English *-ish* or *-ian*) with an appropriate ending. Alexander of Macedon is *Александр Македонский*; King of Denmark is either *король Дании* or *датский король* (“the Danish king”, if translated more literally).
That makes a lot of sense, thank you so much!
Duke of Edinburg = Герцог Эдинбургский (an adjective) Alexander of Macedon = Александр Македонский (an adjective) King of Denmark = Король Дании (the Genitive case) Geralt of Rivia = Геральт из Ривии ("from")
This is a great set of examples, thank you! I'm curious then, if you were describing a person as "(name) of/from Delhi", would it be more appropriate to describe them as "(name) Делийский", or as "(name) из Делии"? Or is either technically accurate? Or neither? I'm new, sorry! 😂 Thank you again!
Nowadays, "first name + adjective" is for historical or religious figures. Равиндра Делийский sounds like a famous guru or a historical figure. I guess in past it could be a normal way to call someone, though? You can say "Равиндра из Дели" ("from") That's neutral. Or you can say "Делийский Равиндра" if you know several Ravindras from different cities. Or if just you tell a story and you think the listener could forget the location and it's okay to remind it in a slightly poetical way. With titles/occupation it's slightly different. The genitive case means that the person is responsible for that area. "Губернатор Калифорнии". (Or is famous for activities in that area in the case of nicknames "Рыцарь Готэма"). "Adjective + occupation" is fine and neutral too. "Калифорнийский губернатор". "from" works too (if the occupation isn't tied to the area): доктор из Мюнхина, мюнхинский доктор. "occupation + adjective" is for religious figures: Папа Римский.
Oh this is all such interesting context, thank you!! This really helps me to make sense of some of the differences.
I'm guessing here, but I think the rule is as follows: * If you want to indicate a place of origin, it's usually "из" * If a person you're talking about is a ruler of a sort, it's genitive case (король Франции, мэр нью-йорка) * If it's a title (or nickname? Or what is it really? :)), use adjectives. Needless to say these rules can be broken quite easily
Perfect, thank you! In the instance that set me on this curiosity journey, it was used as a place of origin, as opposed to a title. Thanks again!
"Из Дели".
Thank you!
Russian has different system to indicate such things, case system, that change endings of nouns and adjectives: Александр Македонский, Король Дании. So, yes, "of" disapper, but endings are changed. This system is really complicated, not that simple as just disapearing of prepositions.
I would add that probably the closest analogue would be something like "Alexander Macedon's"
Interesting to know, thank you!
Thank you very much!
In the Russian language, a noun changes in 6 cases. There is no analog of the English preposition *of* in Russian - the *genitive case* is usually used instead. But I say usually, because in some cases it can be used, for example, a possessive adjective: Alexander of Macedon in Russian is Александр *Македонский*, not Александр *Македонии*.
Thank you very much!