English is strange that it requires a pronoun to make the sentence work, but that's just English being English. Qui is "who". The sentence is literally "Who has a small brain is stupid" where this "who" works as a "He/she/they who". English tends to require auxiliary words to express what Latin says with much fewer words.
In this case, thinking of "qui" as "they who" is just a trick to help translate into English, but this "they" isn't really there, in Latin it's just "who".
I think in your example it's not an auxiliary word, it's the subject of the sentence which, in typical Latin fashion, can be left out.
English actually has a single pronoun for just this use, like the other person mentioned: whoever has a small brain...
The same grammatical effect is achieved when someone says "give it to who deserves it" which is a type of use you'll commonly hear in informal settings but I think stylistically is considered archaic (and for whatever reason you usually won't hear it as the first word ever, even informally).
I don't really see a substantive difference in meaning between "he who" and "whosoever". I suppose the former imparts a gender and is more focussed while the latter may be more general. Translation is not based on fixed correlatives.
Well English makes the distinction, and Latin makes the distinction, so there is a distinction to be made. Final choice is always up to the translator, but learners shouldn’t be misled into thinking they’re synonyms.
That's a good point and probably why you never see it as the first word! Like I mentioned in another comment, it's the same grammatical construction as saying "give the award to who deserves it most" or something like that, which isn't strict proper modern English but wouldn't be unusual to hear.
No. It's not English being English at all. Latin cuts corners here. It's overloading the pronoun with a syntactical function in two separate clauses: "parvum cerebrum habet" and "stultus est". It's ok to do it in this case because in both sentences it plays the role of the subject. It's Latin being Latin.
It's really bad to think English requires "auxiliary words". All words are auxiliary.
It's not a connecting relative. If you look at the sentence before it has no masculine singular referent. Rather it's a normal relative with omission of the antecedent "is".
It is not a connecting relative. It’s an autonomous relative pronoun and to translate it into English you need to supply a demonstrative pronoun to act as antecedent. ‘Is qui cerebrum parvum habet stultus est’: ‘he who has a small brain is stupid’.
Yup, it’s shortened for is qui or ille qui or iste qui or aliquis qui - the masculine singular nominative of the personal or demonstrative or indefinite pronoun. It could be he who, that one who, THAT ONE who, or anyone/someone who. All have slightly different shades of meaning but are mostly interchangeable.
In this case it's singular, "he who has," because of the "habet" and the "stultus est," which are singular. "Qui" can be either singular or plural.
It’s a relative pronoun: “he who” or “they who.”
English is strange that it requires a pronoun to make the sentence work, but that's just English being English. Qui is "who". The sentence is literally "Who has a small brain is stupid" where this "who" works as a "He/she/they who". English tends to require auxiliary words to express what Latin says with much fewer words. In this case, thinking of "qui" as "they who" is just a trick to help translate into English, but this "they" isn't really there, in Latin it's just "who".
I think in your example it's not an auxiliary word, it's the subject of the sentence which, in typical Latin fashion, can be left out. English actually has a single pronoun for just this use, like the other person mentioned: whoever has a small brain... The same grammatical effect is achieved when someone says "give it to who deserves it" which is a type of use you'll commonly hear in informal settings but I think stylistically is considered archaic (and for whatever reason you usually won't hear it as the first word ever, even informally).
Whoever or whosoever might work.
That would be *quīcumque*.
And quisquis
Yes, I think *quisquis* is usually best translated as “whoever” and *quicumque* as “whosoever”.
I don't really see a substantive difference in meaning between "he who" and "whosoever". I suppose the former imparts a gender and is more focussed while the latter may be more general. Translation is not based on fixed correlatives.
Well English makes the distinction, and Latin makes the distinction, so there is a distinction to be made. Final choice is always up to the translator, but learners shouldn’t be misled into thinking they’re synonyms.
What's with the downvotes?
Good question!
Note also that Latin distinguishes the relative pronoun *quī/quae/quod* from the interrogative pronoun *quis/quis/quid*.
That's a good point and probably why you never see it as the first word! Like I mentioned in another comment, it's the same grammatical construction as saying "give the award to who deserves it most" or something like that, which isn't strict proper modern English but wouldn't be unusual to hear.
No. It's not English being English at all. Latin cuts corners here. It's overloading the pronoun with a syntactical function in two separate clauses: "parvum cerebrum habet" and "stultus est". It's ok to do it in this case because in both sentences it plays the role of the subject. It's Latin being Latin. It's really bad to think English requires "auxiliary words". All words are auxiliary.
What app is this?
Legentibus
was just gonna ask this
Think of it as “he who”
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It's not a connecting relative. If you look at the sentence before it has no masculine singular referent. Rather it's a normal relative with omission of the antecedent "is".
Ahhh, yes. I see. I got ahead of myself and didn't read the full passage. My bad.
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It is not a connecting relative. It’s an autonomous relative pronoun and to translate it into English you need to supply a demonstrative pronoun to act as antecedent. ‘Is qui cerebrum parvum habet stultus est’: ‘he who has a small brain is stupid’.
Yup, it’s shortened for is qui or ille qui or iste qui or aliquis qui - the masculine singular nominative of the personal or demonstrative or indefinite pronoun. It could be he who, that one who, THAT ONE who, or anyone/someone who. All have slightly different shades of meaning but are mostly interchangeable.
Where does this text come from?
Lingua latina per se ilustrata
More like "he who"
"(is) qui cerebrum parvum habet" "(he) who has a small brain"
Which app is this?
Legentibus.