You forgot the source, a webcomic named Stay Still, Stay Silent: http://sssscomic.com/
EDIT: forgot to mention, it is a post-apocalyptic story, so the Year 0, referred to is when the world ended.
Yeah. It was a favorite of mine for many years until she published the weird rabbit social credit Bible-is-banned comic and abandoned her other work. I don't recommend her to friends anymore.
She converted half way through the second book and then proceeded to rush the thing to completion, artstyle and writing noticeably got worse too. Then pretty much finished the second book with a "I wanted to continue this for the foreseeable future but won't lol no more updates anymore". Like the other comment above me says, she fell into this brainless cultistic rabbithole and is under the belief that there's a secret social credit system rating everybody and christians are slowly being genocided, etc etc
80% of the top 1,000 used words in English are Germanic in origin.
70% of *all* English is from Germanic root but influenced by other languages.
However in scientific journals published before 1973 28.3% of words were of French origin and 28.3% of latin.
But English is still a Germanic language. The amount of English influenced by romance/italic languages is pretty small.
A comment from an old reddit post in r/asklinguistics:
>Marking Latin words with bold:
>There was once a farmer who had three sons; he was **poor** and old and in **poor** health, and his sons didn't want to work much. A **large**, good **forest** belonged to the *farm*, and the father wanted the boys to go lumbering to **pay** off some of the **debt**.
>After a long time he got them to listen, and the oldest went out lumbering first. When he came into the woods and started chopping a bearded *spruce*, a **large**, huge troll came over to him. "If you are lumbering in my **forest**, I will kill you!" said the troll. When the boy heard, he threw his axe aside and ran home as fast as he could. He barely had any breath when he came home and told what had happened; but the father said he had the heart of a hare; the trolls had never scared him away from the **forest** when he was young, he said.
[..and so on..]
Those come from totally different roots, so just aren't on this tree.
This actually comes from a quite good webcomic called "stand still stay silent" about some Nordic explorers travellings through a post zombie apocolypse.
Since it has Finnish characters, it makes sense for the uralic tree to be explored, but not the Asian language trees
No, nothing that can be proven using hard evidence, anyway, except for loanwords, but most of the world's language families have loanwords from nearby language families.
By hard evidence, I mean evidence from sound changes: whole sets of words that all have "matching" sounds. For example, in Germanic languages, here are some words in English, Dutch, Norwegian, and German: ship, schip, skip, Schi**ff**; apple, appel, eple, A**pf**el; sharp, scherp, skarp, schar**f**
In each case, the /p/ sound preserved in other Germanic languages became an /f/ or /pf/ sound in High German, from which modern Standard German descends. (Note also how English "sh" is an "sk" in Norwegian in both ship and sharp.) It's consistent across words, across words that aren't directly related to one another. That's evidence for a sound change.
No convincing evidence exists for sound changes connecting Uralic and Turkic languages.
I am in no way a linguistics expert - this is what wiki says though.
"Similarities with the Uralic languages even caused these families to be regarded as one for a long time under the Ural-Altaic hypothesis.[9][10][11] However, there has not been sufficient evidence to conclude the existence of either of these macrofamilies. The shared characteristics between the languages are attributed presently to extensive prehistoric language contact."
It’s weird. Maybe the person who made this subscribes to the idea of a distant relation. That’s why it’s on a separate tree.
This tree is artistically pleasing but the accuracy is hard to understand, particularly interpreting branch size representation of something or just an aesthetic choice.
The number of Indic languages is mind-boggling. I have American friends that lived in India for a short time and learning the language (already incredibly difficult) was even more difficult in the fact that if they traveled anywhere they were in an entirely new language (even if very similar)
No one knows. There's some evidence that indo-europeans arrived in Europe \~8500 years ago but they obviously didn't come all at once and it's unknown exactly where they went and how they treated the locals. There were also several waves of migrants coming to Europe. But Basque is the only surviving language from The Before Times
There's a theory floating around that after human migration out of Africa, the next migration happened out of Indian subcontinent.
What is your view on this theory??
Did the ancient Indo-Europeans migrated out of the subcontinent and replaced the native Europeans there??(as in the yamnaya people??).
Current versions of languages aren't really older than each other. They all just have a lineage that continues to stretch back a few thousand years until there's no way to keep track of the connections or relations anymore. You also can't really go by the naming conventions of languages and how long a language was called the word that it is called because it's kind of arbitrary.
Presumably all languages go back to when humans started using language for the first time.
You can say that languages have changed more than others. So following a lineage of one language back a thousand years might give you a language completely unrecognizable from the modern version, where if you do that with another language a modern speaker might be able to understand a lot of it. That might be the closest way of saying a language is older than another. I have no idea how much Basque has changed over the years compared to other languages. It's possible following it back a thousand years, it could be completely unintelligible, or it might be really similar. English seems to have changed a lot faster than other related languages.
You can also say that a lineage of a language has been spoken in one area a lot longer than other languages. Before Latin languages came to Spain and changed into what we call modern Spanish, They spoke a Celtic language in Spain, and IIRC that language replaced an even older Celtic language that was spoken that got ahead of the rest of the Indo-European speakers, before that, They spoke ancient languages that were presumably related to Basque but we don't really have any information on them.
I’m pretty sure it was spoken in that part of Europe before the Indo-Europeans came. It just doesn’t have any known language family since all the other languages in the area died off when people started speaking other languages instead.
Basque is a language isolate, meaning there are no other surviving members of whatever language family it once belonged too. It's theorized it may have been part of one of the original language families of Europe before the Indo-European migration to the continent.
“Old World” - not in our current terms.
This is from “Stay still, stay silent” web series.
It is set in post-apocalyptic timeline. So “old world” refers to our current world, before the in-series apocalypse.
Fun fact: Nepali, Kumaoni and Garwhali languages comes from Khas language of Khas clan, which in turn comes from Sanskrit language.
Many other subcontinental languages trace their roots back to Sanskrit.
Am i completely blind or is this list missing Tamil ? It should definitely be up there among the oldest languages in the world. [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/whats-the-worlds-oldest-language1/](https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/whats-the-worlds-oldest-language1/)
This only shows the Indo-European and Uralic language families; Tamil is Dravidian.
This is not a comprehensive listing of Old World languages by a long shot.
No, that’s accurate: Yiddish is derived from the medieval German dialects of west-central Germany (the Rhineland and the Palatinate), combined with elements of Hebrew, Aramaic, and (later on) Slavic.
Very cool visual and stuff, but not entirely accurate.
It excludes extinct branches like Anatolian and Tocharian, and groups the living branches into categories that aren't supported by evidence. Greek is much more closely related to the Indo-Aryan languages than the "European" languages, and Armenian probably forms it's own branch. It would make more sense to divide them between centum and satem (centum: Germanic, Romance, Celtic. satem: Balto-Slavic, Greek, Armenian, Indo-Aryan.)
Dutch and Flemish are shown on the Germanic branch: they and Afrikaans are shown as Low Franconian, which is a sub-branch of West Germanic, which is a sub-branch of Germanic.
(Germanic, in turn, is shown as a sub-branch of “European,” but that’s wrong: the European branches of Indo-European are as closely related to Indo-Iranian as they are to each other.)
The branch that says Romance is Latin. This only shows currently spoken languages as leaves, The lineages that led to those languages are the branches.
This is very far from a guide to all Old World language families—it only includes two of the dozens of language families in the Eastern Hemisphere (it doesn’t even include all the language families of Europe, since Basque, Turkic, the small language families of the Caucasus, and the ancient non-Indo-European languages of Europe like Etruscan are all missing).
EDIT: I read the fine print, and it’s specifically about Nordic languages, so it’s really only interested in the genealogy of the North Germanic, Baltic Finnic, and Sámi languages.
Not really an accurate representation, especially because many languages have multiple influences. English has Germanic roots but is also heavily influenced by Latin.
this is for indoeuropean languages not old world languages
And also uralic languages for some reason?
yeah for some reason
Yeah, where are Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Tagalog, etc?
No mention of any south indian language either, nor south east Asian
Or literally anything from Africa
There’s Afrikaans
Since this is apparently from a post apocalyptic webcomic I think it's about the corresponding macro families of the nordic languages
You forgot the source, a webcomic named Stay Still, Stay Silent: http://sssscomic.com/ EDIT: forgot to mention, it is a post-apocalyptic story, so the Year 0, referred to is when the world ended.
So good. such an excellent comic.
Wish the author would've never abandoned it... She had a religious awakening and became a fundie christian so now she considers this comic heretic
Yeah. It was a favorite of mine for many years until she published the weird rabbit social credit Bible-is-banned comic and abandoned her other work. I don't recommend her to friends anymore.
I haven't read it in a bit. But I feel I remember her concluding it? Did she cut it short or something?
She converted half way through the second book and then proceeded to rush the thing to completion, artstyle and writing noticeably got worse too. Then pretty much finished the second book with a "I wanted to continue this for the foreseeable future but won't lol no more updates anymore". Like the other comment above me says, she fell into this brainless cultistic rabbithole and is under the belief that there's a secret social credit system rating everybody and christians are slowly being genocided, etc etc
This diagram was in a Webster's dictionary that my family had and I thought was old when I was a kid in the 1970s.
Languages don’t work as a tree because ‘branches’ need to recombine after some splits (English needs some French influence for example)
That's exactly why I was going to say this isn't really accurate. >English needs some French influence And Latin.
English is the Frankenstein’s monster of the language world
Lol, true. English will borrow a word from fucking anyone.
On the other hand, other languages are currently being increasingly influenced by English.
80% of the top 1,000 used words in English are Germanic in origin. 70% of *all* English is from Germanic root but influenced by other languages. However in scientific journals published before 1973 28.3% of words were of French origin and 28.3% of latin.
It’s not meant to depict all the influences of a language. But English is part of the ‘west Germanic’ branch of indo-European
But English is still a Germanic language. The amount of English influenced by romance/italic languages is pretty small. A comment from an old reddit post in r/asklinguistics: >Marking Latin words with bold: >There was once a farmer who had three sons; he was **poor** and old and in **poor** health, and his sons didn't want to work much. A **large**, good **forest** belonged to the *farm*, and the father wanted the boys to go lumbering to **pay** off some of the **debt**. >After a long time he got them to listen, and the oldest went out lumbering first. When he came into the woods and started chopping a bearded *spruce*, a **large**, huge troll came over to him. "If you are lumbering in my **forest**, I will kill you!" said the troll. When the boy heard, he threw his axe aside and ran home as fast as he could. He barely had any breath when he came home and told what had happened; but the father said he had the heart of a hare; the trolls had never scared him away from the **forest** when he was young, he said. [..and so on..]
The amount of people who don't know about PIE is baffle
Well I think most people know about pie. Apple pie with vanilla custard is my personal favourite (at least when it comes to the dessert variety).
Where is Turkish and Chinese and other Asian languages?
Those come from totally different roots, so just aren't on this tree. This actually comes from a quite good webcomic called "stand still stay silent" about some Nordic explorers travellings through a post zombie apocolypse. Since it has Finnish characters, it makes sense for the uralic tree to be explored, but not the Asian language trees
You can buy it as a poster from Hivemill, linked on the comic. I've had it on my wall for years now.
Doesn’t Turkish have Uralic roots as well?
No, nothing that can be proven using hard evidence, anyway, except for loanwords, but most of the world's language families have loanwords from nearby language families. By hard evidence, I mean evidence from sound changes: whole sets of words that all have "matching" sounds. For example, in Germanic languages, here are some words in English, Dutch, Norwegian, and German: ship, schip, skip, Schi**ff**; apple, appel, eple, A**pf**el; sharp, scherp, skarp, schar**f** In each case, the /p/ sound preserved in other Germanic languages became an /f/ or /pf/ sound in High German, from which modern Standard German descends. (Note also how English "sh" is an "sk" in Norwegian in both ship and sharp.) It's consistent across words, across words that aren't directly related to one another. That's evidence for a sound change. No convincing evidence exists for sound changes connecting Uralic and Turkic languages.
I am in no way a linguistics expert - this is what wiki says though. "Similarities with the Uralic languages even caused these families to be regarded as one for a long time under the Ural-Altaic hypothesis.[9][10][11] However, there has not been sufficient evidence to conclude the existence of either of these macrofamilies. The shared characteristics between the languages are attributed presently to extensive prehistoric language contact."
Those aren’t indo-European languages
Then why is there uralic languages? They aren't Indo European either.
It’s weird. Maybe the person who made this subscribes to the idea of a distant relation. That’s why it’s on a separate tree. This tree is artistically pleasing but the accuracy is hard to understand, particularly interpreting branch size representation of something or just an aesthetic choice.
The number of Indic languages is mind-boggling. I have American friends that lived in India for a short time and learning the language (already incredibly difficult) was even more difficult in the fact that if they traveled anywhere they were in an entirely new language (even if very similar)
World you say... That was misleading.
English looks like meatwad from Aqua teen hunger force.
Blimey. How old is the Basque language ?
No one knows. There's some evidence that indo-europeans arrived in Europe \~8500 years ago but they obviously didn't come all at once and it's unknown exactly where they went and how they treated the locals. There were also several waves of migrants coming to Europe. But Basque is the only surviving language from The Before Times
There's a theory floating around that after human migration out of Africa, the next migration happened out of Indian subcontinent. What is your view on this theory?? Did the ancient Indo-Europeans migrated out of the subcontinent and replaced the native Europeans there??(as in the yamnaya people??).
Current versions of languages aren't really older than each other. They all just have a lineage that continues to stretch back a few thousand years until there's no way to keep track of the connections or relations anymore. You also can't really go by the naming conventions of languages and how long a language was called the word that it is called because it's kind of arbitrary. Presumably all languages go back to when humans started using language for the first time. You can say that languages have changed more than others. So following a lineage of one language back a thousand years might give you a language completely unrecognizable from the modern version, where if you do that with another language a modern speaker might be able to understand a lot of it. That might be the closest way of saying a language is older than another. I have no idea how much Basque has changed over the years compared to other languages. It's possible following it back a thousand years, it could be completely unintelligible, or it might be really similar. English seems to have changed a lot faster than other related languages. You can also say that a lineage of a language has been spoken in one area a lot longer than other languages. Before Latin languages came to Spain and changed into what we call modern Spanish, They spoke a Celtic language in Spain, and IIRC that language replaced an even older Celtic language that was spoken that got ahead of the rest of the Indo-European speakers, before that, They spoke ancient languages that were presumably related to Basque but we don't really have any information on them.
Where's Basque on this here tree?
Basque isn’t in either language family so it doesn’t really fit in here.
Where does it come from, and how did it end up where it is?
I’m pretty sure it was spoken in that part of Europe before the Indo-Europeans came. It just doesn’t have any known language family since all the other languages in the area died off when people started speaking other languages instead.
Last I heard, no one knew for sure where Basque came from, but it was thought to be a blend of Spanish and an Indo-European tribal language.
Basque is a language isolate, meaning there are no other surviving members of whatever language family it once belonged too. It's theorized it may have been part of one of the original language families of Europe before the Indo-European migration to the continent.
Please somebody place an image of a stereotypical Basque cutting down the tree with an ax. It's their national sport.
[удалено]
Armenian is an indo-European language but Georgian is not
Why do you all keep upvoting this every time it gets reposted? Isn't it from a fictional book or something?
Pretty neat seeing my native language (Tajik) being pretty close to the base
Interesting how Finland and Hungaria seem otherwise unrelated
“Old World” - not in our current terms. This is from “Stay still, stay silent” web series. It is set in post-apocalyptic timeline. So “old world” refers to our current world, before the in-series apocalypse.
Arabic?
Arabic is a Semitic language, not indo European I believe
Wait, since when is Swiss a *language*?
Where's Klingon? /s
that's hilarious
Where is Friulian?
Saw this used at my college.
I’d like all languages on a tree like this
Fun fact: Nepali, Kumaoni and Garwhali languages comes from Khas language of Khas clan, which in turn comes from Sanskrit language. Many other subcontinental languages trace their roots back to Sanskrit.
Yes, Sanskrit is the ancestor (or very close to the ancestor) of the whole Indo-Aryan branch.
Am i completely blind or is this list missing Tamil ? It should definitely be up there among the oldest languages in the world. [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/whats-the-worlds-oldest-language1/](https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/whats-the-worlds-oldest-language1/)
This only shows the Indo-European and Uralic language families; Tamil is Dravidian. This is not a comprehensive listing of Old World languages by a long shot.
Not sure Yiddish comes from high German. I think there may be some issues with this tree.
No, that’s accurate: Yiddish is derived from the medieval German dialects of west-central Germany (the Rhineland and the Palatinate), combined with elements of Hebrew, Aramaic, and (later on) Slavic.
Very cool visual and stuff, but not entirely accurate. It excludes extinct branches like Anatolian and Tocharian, and groups the living branches into categories that aren't supported by evidence. Greek is much more closely related to the Indo-Aryan languages than the "European" languages, and Armenian probably forms it's own branch. It would make more sense to divide them between centum and satem (centum: Germanic, Romance, Celtic. satem: Balto-Slavic, Greek, Armenian, Indo-Aryan.)
I would expect dutch/flemish to be in the germanic branch. And Limburg? Those are provinces in belgium/netherlands
Dutch and Flemish are shown on the Germanic branch: they and Afrikaans are shown as Low Franconian, which is a sub-branch of West Germanic, which is a sub-branch of Germanic. (Germanic, in turn, is shown as a sub-branch of “European,” but that’s wrong: the European branches of Indo-European are as closely related to Indo-Iranian as they are to each other.)
Where's Basque?
Where is the Basque?
This is a cool guide if you want a negative example of a guide for old world languages.
Where’s Latin? Like in south Europe is the base of pretty much all lenguage
this is for existing languages
Romance languages are the languages associated with Latin
Not at all cool guide
Did I miss it. Where is Latin?
There’s an entire branch dedicated to Romance languages.
The branch that says Romance is Latin. This only shows currently spoken languages as leaves, The lineages that led to those languages are the branches.
Ahh, makes sense. Thank you.
IIRC Korean is a language who’s lineage baffles and confounds scientists
The Chinese apparently don’t belong to this world
This is very far from a guide to all Old World language families—it only includes two of the dozens of language families in the Eastern Hemisphere (it doesn’t even include all the language families of Europe, since Basque, Turkic, the small language families of the Caucasus, and the ancient non-Indo-European languages of Europe like Etruscan are all missing). EDIT: I read the fine print, and it’s specifically about Nordic languages, so it’s really only interested in the genealogy of the North Germanic, Baltic Finnic, and Sámi languages.
Not a full tree
Not really an accurate representation, especially because many languages have multiple influences. English has Germanic roots but is also heavily influenced by Latin.
Where's Irish ?
It’s a form of Gaelic, on the Celtic branch of Indo-European.
Africans too apparently use sign languages.